Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, have become increasingly popular in consumer products. However, data on their potential biological effects on marine organisms, especially invertebrates, remain very limited. This proof of principle study reports the chronic sub-lethal toxicity of two coated AgNPs (oleic acid coated AgNPs and polyvinylpyrrolid...

Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen are useful in the evaluation of food web dynamics and have been used extensively in the feeding studies. Barnacles are dominant component of the intertidal and biofouling communities. Life cycle of barnacles include planktonic naupliar stages followed by a nonfeeding pre-settling cyprid stage. Development success of the nauplii depends on the food availabl...

The effect of substratum colour on the formation of micro- and macro fouling communities was investigated. Acrylic tiles, painted either black or white were covered with transparent sheets in order to ensure similar surface properties. All substrata were exposed to biofouling at 1 m depth for 40 d in the Marina Bandar al Rowdha (Muscat, Sea of Oman). Studies were conducted in 2010 over a time c...

1. Stimulation in the rock barnacle Balanus balanoides by the sodium salts of the first seven normal aliphatic acids has been studied at several different concentrations for each salt. The pH was adjusted to that of sea water (8.1 +/-0.15) and all experimental conditions were held as constant as possible. Criterion of response was the per cent closure of valves at successive 2 minute intervals....

Marine biofouling poses a severe threat to maritime and aquaculture industries. To prevent the attachment of marine biofouling organisms on man-made structures, countless cost and effort was spent annually. In particular, most attention has been paid on the development of efficient and environmentally friendly fouling-resistant coatings, as well as larval settlement mechanism of several major b...

Two new records of gynandromorphism in bees are described and illustrated for Paratrigona glabella and Augochlora amphitrite. The specimens show a mixture of male and female features, complete in Augochlora and on head and mesosoma in Paratrigona. Including the specimen described herein, gynandromorphs are now known for a total of three species in Meliponini bees and three species in Augochlori...

In the search for new environmental friendly antifouling (AF) agents, four coumarins were isolated from the herbal plant Cnidium monnieri, known as osthole (1), imperatorin (2), isopimpinellin (3) and auraptenol (4). Furthermore, five coumarin derivatives, namely 8-epoxypentylcoumarin (5), meranzin hydrate (6), 2'-deoxymetranzin hydrate (7), 8-methylbutenalcoumarin (8), and micromarin-F (9) wer...