abstract the feminist movement in the united states like other countries has tried to establish equality for women. from the first attempts to gain constitutional right for vote, up to the current radical demands, feminists have struggled to make changes in the u.s. party politics and obtain their rights within the parties. one of the important issues in which women played a key role in party p...

The use of animals in research continues to be a divisive issue for the animal-rights movement and the biomedical community. Animal-rights activists are adept at working with the media and in politics to advance their viewpoint. Although researchers have begun to explain their position, there remains a strong nt%d to publicize the human benefit derived from animal experimentation. The primary n...

S cholars generally reference Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan for theories in international politics. Specifically, scholars subscribe to the concept of international anarchy and the pursuit of survival to explain state behavior. Since Hobbes lived through the English Civil War (1642-1651), his observations arguably could be a reflection of insurgency warfare rather than interstate conflict. In fact,...

Hojviri wrote his book Kashf al-Mahjub under the influence of sectarian and social developments and challenges in society and on the basis of his intellectual and religious backgrounds. Following an epistemological approach this article attempts to discuss his views on monotheism and some related issues, such as divine essence, attributes and vision. Moreover, epistemological analysis of Hojvir...

This study examines the radical democratic principles manifest in Indymedia’s discursive, technical, and institutional practices. By focusing on a case study of the Seattle Independent Media Center and contextualizing it within theories and critiques of radical democracy, this article fleshes out strengths, weaknesses, and recurring tensions endemic to Indymedia’s internet-based activism. These...

ṣadr al-muti’allihīn shīrāzī is the founder of a school known as transcendental philosophy. employing the heritage of his predecessors, he has opened a new way before seekers of the truth. one of the features of his philosophical school is the frequent use of the verses of the qur’ān and traditions of the infallibles (a.s.) in his philosophical works. on the basis of the philosophical principle...

The Apostle Paul can rightly be regarded as "the Theologian of Weakness." Yet Paul's theology of weakness developed in a dynamic fashion in response to the situations facing him, and his particular formulations are consistently adapted and designed to meet particular issues at hand. Nowhere is this more clearly seen than in those letters in which the apostle finds himself forced to answer the c...

constructivism, as a method of discussion in international politics and foreign policy, is considered a young method which is based on philosophical subjects in social sciences. first the article presents the philosophical approach of constructivism through a logical course and shows its difference with competitive approaches; then enters the constructivism of international relations and discus...