ORIGINS OF THE IDAW ALIThe Idaw ‘Ali are one of the two most prominent and influentialzuwaya groups in Mauritania, other being Kunta, disseminatorsof Qadiriyya tariqa West Africa who claim to be descendants ofthe great Arab hero conqueror North Africa, Uqba b. Nafi. Thebasis prestige rested part on their widelyrecognized sharifian origin. Another basis was theirintroduction Tijaniyya Mauritania...

at early period of ghobad’s reign, sassanid king (486-531ad), an important movement occurred, headed by mazdak, for several social, economic and political reasons so that the king supported it in order to weaken the position of great figures and clergymen as well. naturally, important people opposed the given movement and dethroned ghobad king from power and he managed to resume his reign again...

as one of the most important and fundamental concepts in the divine religions, eternity and immortality after death has always been paid too much attention by religious thinkers mainly muslim scholars and mystics from philosophical, mystical ,theological, and quranic approaches. since mulla sadra's transcendent theosophy is not far from islamic mysticism and even some parts of its general ...

F several centuries, the world, and particularly Europe has benefited from the great contributions brought about by Muslim physicians in the field of medicine. These contributions were not only based on technical skills but also on the role of eminent Muslim physicians in establishing medical ethics. Many prominent physicians of the Islamic civilization involved themselves with professional eth...