Due to the limited lifetime of the nodes in ad hoc and sensor networks, energy efficiency needs to be an important design consideration in any routing algorithm. It is known that by employing a virtual backbone in a wireless network, the efficiency of any routing scheme for the network can be improved. One common design for routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks is to use positioning infor...

Thomas Bauschert Jochen Frings Rainer Siebenhaar Lehrstuhl f ur Kommunikationsnetze Technische Universit at M unchen 80290 M unchen, Germany Summary The asynchronous transfer mode is designed to supply virtual paths (VP). Using these VPs, fully meshed virtual networks can be build on top of the physical backbone network. In this paper we discuss several issues related to the cost optimal di...

Virtual backbone based routing is a promising approach for enhancing the routing efficiency in MANETs. To establish communication in the network, the virtual backbone nodes have to be connected. Connected dominating sets (CDS) are the earliest structures proposed as candidates for virtual backbones in ad hoc networks. In this paper we propose a fuzzy-based virtual backbone routing scheme (FVB) ...

Many routing protocols for ad hoc networks have been proposed in the last decade. Mobility and infrastructure-less represent the main issues related to mobile ad hoc network. In order to enhance Ad hoc routing protocols, a virtual structure is proposed to handle traffic control and reduce the effect of node mobility in mobile ad hoc networks. This virtual structure called backbone enables routi...

Today, the large packet buffers present in backbone routers significantly increase their power consumption and design time. Recent models of networks with large buffers have suggested that these large buffers could be replaced with much smaller ones. Unfortunately, it turns out that these models are not valid anymore in networks with small buffers, and therefore cannot predict how these small-b...

a new type of backbone robot is presented in this paper. the core idea is to use a cross shape mechanism with the principle of functioning of the scissors linkages, known as a pantograph. although this continuum arm acts quite similar to tendon-driven robot, this manipulator does not include any tendon in its structure. this design does not suffer from the weaknesses of the continuum design suc...

In the next generation Internet, there will be more and more applications that require real-time transmission and multicast services. To fulfill these requirements, Integrated Services (IntServ) and Differentiated Services (DiffServ) have been proposed. The IntServ architecture provides an end-to-end QoS guarantee on a per-flow basis. The DiffServ architecture, on the other hand, provides a QoS...

Monitoring the traffic of wide area networks consisting of several autonomous systems connected through a high-speed backbone is a challenge due to the huge amount of traffic. Keeping logs for obtaining measurements is unfeasible. This work describes a distributed real-time strategy for backbone traffic monitoring that does not employ logs and allows arbitrary metrics to be collected about the ...

Recent research ([12][15][19]) shows that the flooding mechanism (for topology update or route request) used in existing protocols for ad hoc wireless networks greatly degrades the network capacity. If we force the effective broadcasts of control packets happen in a small subset of hosts in the network, the protocol overhead caused by global flooding can be substantially reduced. This is the ba...

In multi-hop wireless networks, data packets are relayed in several wireless hops from their source to their destination. Based on whether a fixed infrastructure is used or not, we can distinguish two types of multi-hop wireless networks: pure ad hoc and multi-hop cellular networks. Pure ad hoc networks do not rely on any fixed infrastructure; hence, the packet relaying service has to be provid...