OBJECTIVE To analyze the costs of vaccination regimens for introducing inactivated polio vaccine in routine immunization in Brazil. METHODS A cost analysis was conducted for vaccines in five vaccination regimens, including inactivated polio vaccine, compared with the oral polio vaccine-only regimen. The costs of the vaccines were estimated for routine use and for the "National Immunization Days...

Live attenuated Shigella sonnei vaccine candidate WRSS1, previously tested in U.S. and Israeli volunteers, was evaluated in a population of adult Thai volunteers in which the organism is endemic. In a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind design, inpatient participants received a single oral dose of 1.6 × 10(4) CFU of WRSS1. The vaccine was generally well tolerated, with equal numbers of ...

BACKGROUND Diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTPw)-based combination vaccines are an attractive option to rapidly achieve high coverage and protection against other important pathogens, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). To ensure adequate antigen supply, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals has introduced a new DTPw antigen source and developed a new DTPw-HB...

Vaccination is one of the most valuable and cost-effective strategies available to medicine in the battle to prevent and control infectious diseases. It is considered to be one of the ten greatest public health achievements of the 20th century (1). In the Americas, vaccination has brought about the eradication of smallpox in 1970 and of polio in 1991; the interruption of indigenous measles tran...

head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) is the sixth most common cancer in the human population. despite significant efforts committed in treatment of oscc the overall survival rate of oscc has not improved significantly. activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (fgfr3) genes are responsible for some human cancers, including bl...

Background: Studies have demonstrated the role of sputum as a site severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) transmission. However, there is limited literature on virucidal efficacy oral antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study investigated three oral-antiseptics compared to placebo-control in infected individuals.
 Methodology: A pilot adults with positive result...

BACKGROUND Our aim was to determine the efficacy of a trivalent inactivated split virus influenza vaccine (TIV) against culture-confirmed influenza A and/or B in adults 18 to 64 years of age during the 2005/2006 season in the Czech Republic. METHODS 6203 subjects were randomized to receive TIV (N = 4137) or placebo (N = 2066). The sample size was based on an assumed attack rate of 4% which pr...

Each country and territory using the trivalent oral polio vaccine (that protects against three types of the virus) should switch to the bivalent oral polio vaccine (that protects against two types of the virus) during the last two weeks of April next year, a group of experts has concluded. The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization (SAGE), which advises WHO, said that the 149 count...

BACKGROUND An earlier cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Hutterite colonies had shown that if more than 80% of children and adolescents were immunized with influenza vaccine there was a statistically significant reduction in laboratory-confirmed influenza among all unimmunized community members. We assessed the impact of this intervention for two additional influenza seasonal periods....

Knowing the inherent stimulatory properties of the lipid moiety of bacterial lipoproteins, we first hypothesized that Brucella abortus outer membrane protein (Omp)16 lipoprotein would be able to elicit a protective immune response without the need of external adjuvants. In this study, we demonstrate that Omp16 administered by the i.p. route confers significant protection against B. abortus infe...