Background. Various parts of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae) find a use in traditional medicine in the treatment of pain and oedema among others. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antiarthritic effects of a 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol extract of the stem bark of Glyphaea brevis in murine models. Materials and Methods. The effect of the aqueous ethanol ex...

In the Florida Panhandle region, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been highly susceptible to large-scale unusual mortality events (UMEs) that may have been the result of exposure to blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis and its neurotoxin, brevetoxin (PbTx). Between 1999 and 2006, three bottlenose dolphin UMEs occurred in the Florida Panhandle region. The primary objective of...

There is a critical need to simply and reliably monitor brevetoxins routinely in the blood of humans and aquatic animals. We used striped mullet as laboratory test animals to better define the uptake and elimination kinetics of brevetoxin during an aqueous exposure to the brevetoxin-producing dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Striped mullet were first exposed to sublethal densities of K. brevis (a...

Flavobacteriaceae (strain S03) and Cytophaga sp. (strain 41-DBG2) are algicidal bacteria active against the brevetoxin (PbTx)-producing, red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Little is known about the fate of PbTx associated with K. brevis cells following attack by such bacteria. The fate and distribution of PbTx in K. brevis cultures exposed to these algicidal strains were thus examined by ...

Lactic acid bacteria have become popular because of their γ-aminobutyric (GABA)-producing ability. In the present study, we selected four Levilactobacillus brevis strains (MG5552, MG5405, MG5261, and MG5522) with GABA-producing ability from 33 isolated various fermented foods in South Korea. We evaluated using thin-layer chromatography determined GABA levels produced by each strain an amino ana...

Blooms of Karenia brevis, the red tide forming dinoflagellate in the Gulf of Mexico, cause a myriad of ecological and economic problems for coastal communities, including massive fish and mammal mortalities, and damage to tourism and fisheries/shellfish harvesting industries. There is a need for accurate detection and prediction of K. brevis blooms, including rapid and inexpensive monitoring of...

Twenty-four human legs were dissected macroscopically to study the morphological details of the accessory deep peroneal nerve. This nerve arose from the superficial peroneal nerve and descended in the lateral compartment of the leg, deep to peroneus longus along the posterior border of peroneus brevis. Approaching the ankle joint, this nerve passed through the peroneal tunnels to wind around th...

Purpose: Recovery of the train-of-four ratio (TOFR) to > 0.9 in the upper limb is commonly used to determine that neuromuscular function has returned to the preoperative level. It is not known whether recovery of neuromuscular function can be determined in the same way using lower limb acceleromyography. We compared measurements of recovery from neuromuscular blockade using upper limb electromy...

Larval and adult fruit flies are attracted to volatiles emanating from food substrates that have been occupied by larvae. We tested whether such volatiles are emitted by the larval gut bacteria by conducting tests under bacteria-free (axenic) conditions. We also tested attraction to two bacteria species, Lactobacillus brevis, which we cultured from larvae in our lab, and L. plantarum, a common ...

Dorsal wrist pain and swelling is commonly attributed to a dorsal wrist ganglion. However, based on the authors' experience, a cautious surgeon should keep the uncommonly symptomatic diagnosis of an extensor digitorum brevis manus in their differential despite classic ganglion presentation and suggestive advanced imaging. This article describes a case of a young patient who presented with bilat...