Objective(s): Auraptene (7-geranyloxycoumarin) (AUR), from Citrus species has shown anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-secretase inhibitory effects. Scopolamine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist which causes short-term memory impairments and is used for inducing animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This research aimed to investigate ...

Active avoidance involving controlling and modifying threatening situations characterizes many forms of clinical pathology, particularly childhood anxiety. Presently our understanding of the neural systems supporting human avoidance is largely based on nonhuman research. Establishing the generality of nonhuman findings to healthy children is a needed first step towards advancing developmental a...

objective(s) the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a fat soluble antioxidant, coenzyme q10 (coq10) and folic acid on learning and memory in the rats with intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (icv-stz), an animal model of sporadic type of alzheimer's disease. materials and methods the lesion groups were injected bilaterally with icv-stz (1.5 mg/kg b.wt., in no...

background: alzheimer’s disease was known as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly and is characterized by dementia and severe neuronal loss in the some regions of brain such as nucleus basalis magnocellularis. it plays an important role in the brain functions such as learning and memory. loss of cholinergic neurons of nucleus basalis magnocellularis by ibotenic acid can commo...

introduction: zinc is an essential trace element that plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and modulating the activity of cns and involve in learning and memory. synaptic vesicle zinc in the hippocampus area exerting modulatory effects on nmda glutamate receptor. method: in this experiment the effects of nmda agonist and antagonist administration intra hippocampus on passive avoidance...

conclusions it can be concluded that the devisable memory-enhancing effects of red lentil (lens culinaris) are due to the antioxidant activity of its flavonoid, tannins, and terpenoids. background since ancient times, people have believed that certain foods or plants can affect learning and memory potency in humans. the consumption of food and beverages rich in flavonoid compounds has been prop...

a b s t r a c t introduction: diabetes mellitus is accompanied with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the human society and experimental animals. due to anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of rumex patientia (rp), this research study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chronic rumex patientia feeding on alleviation of learning and memory disturbance in streptozo...

We conducted 2 longitudinal meditational studies to test an integrative model of goals, stress and coping, and well-being. Study 1 documented avoidance personal goals as an antecedent of life stressors and life stressors as a partial mediator of the relation between avoidance goals and longitudinal change in subjective well-being (SWB). Study 2 fully replicated Study 1 and likewise validated av...

BACKGROUND Avoidance of stimuli that are associated with the traumatic event is a key feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus far, studies on the role of avoidance in the development and maintenance of PTSD focused primarily on strategic or explicit avoidance. However, patients may also show implicit avoidance behavior, which may remain even when explicit avoidance is reduced. O...

Symbolic generalization of avoidance may underlie the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate inferred threat-avoidance and safety (non-avoidance) behaviours that occur in the presence of stimuli indirectly related to learned threat and safety cues. A laboratory experiment was conducted involving two symbolic stimulus equivalence relations ...