Many depressed adolescents experience difficulty in regulating their emotions. These emotion regulation difficulties appear to emerge in part from socialization processes within families and then generalize to other contexts. However, emotion dysregulation is typically assessed within the individual, rather than in the social relationships that shape and maintain dysregulation. In this study, w...

The transient response of dopamine neurons has been described as reward prediction error (RPE), with activation or suppression by events that are better or worse than expected, respectively. However, at least a minority of neurons are activated by aversive or high-intensity stimuli, casting doubt on the generality of RPE in describing the dopamine signal. To overcome limitations of previous stu...

According to developmental theories of self-injury, both child characteristics and environmental contexts shape and maintain problematic behaviors. Although progress has been made toward identifying biological vulnerabilities to self-injury, mechanisms underlying psychosocial risk have received less attention. In the present study, we compared self-injuring adolescents (n = 17) with typical con...

The value associated with self-perceived hearing aid benefit was assessed using a "willingness-to-pay" (WTP) approach. Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) data were obtained from 79 veterans who also indicated how much they were willing to pay for each hearing aid. The results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that veterans were willing to pay $22.06 more for a hearing a...

Despite or possibly by virtue of the fact that it is one of the most commonly used animal models of anxiety the Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) results in a wide range of, often contradictory, results following pharmacological experiments. The responses from a questionnaire distributed to 65 groups that have published studies using the EPM in the past 3 years has, along with reference to published rep...

conducted at the University of British Colombia. These studies have used the gradual fill methods proposed by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) in an attempt to further clarify aversion associated with carbon dioxide. We have contacted the authors of this work and understand that they will also be responding to Dr Wood’s letter. Therefore, we will leave the discussion of these ...

BRUNNER, R. L , S. J. HAGGBLOOM AND R. A. GAZZARA. Effects of hippocampal x-irradiation.produced granule-cell agenesis on instrumental runway performance in rats. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 13(4) 485--494, 1974. Rats in which xqrradiation during early postnatal life had interfered with the acquisition of dentate granule cells ran faster than controls during extinction of a runway response acquired under a...

Questions regarding the replicability of key findings in the self-regulation literature (e.g., ego-depletion effect) have led some to call for a more thorough evaluation of commonly used measures of self-control. The isometric handgrip task is one such measure. The current study examined correlates of handgrip persistence using data drawn from a larger randomized controlled trial. Handgrip pers...

The present study examines the cross-national stability ofafactor analytically derived taxonomy ofjokes and cartoons. A sample oflOOfemale and 48 male Italian adults responded to Italian translations ofthe 3 WD humor test (Ruch 1983) which is aimed at measuring funniness and aversiveness of incongruity-resolution, nonsense, and sexual humor. The results were compared with that of a German sampl...

Many aposematic species have evolved an aggregated lifestyle, and one possible advantage of grouping in warningly coloured prey is that it makes the aposematic signal more e¡ective by generating a greater aversion in predators. Here we investigate the e¡ect of prey group size on predator behaviour, both when prey are aposematic and when they are not aposematic, to separate the e¡ects of warning...