As a common neurotransmitter in the nervous system, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulates locomotory patterns in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of GABAergic modulation are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that a GABAergic signal in C. elegans modulates the amplitude of undulatory head bending through extrasyn...

Notch signaling is a major regulator of cell fate, proliferation, and differentiation. Like other signaling pathways, its activity is strongly influenced by intracellular trafficking. Besides contributing to signal activation and down-regulation, differential fluxes between trafficking routes can cause aberrant Notch pathway activation. Investigating the function of the retromer-associated DNAJ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare changes in soft-palate morphology and nasopharyngeal relations after orthopedic rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and surgically assisted RME (SARME). METHODS A group of 10 patients received RME, a second group of 10 patients received SARME, and a third group of 10 patients served as an untreated control group. Lateral and posteroanterior cephal...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the skeletal effects of nonsurgical rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on craniofacial structures with bone scintigraphy in young adult female subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The material of the present study consists of scintigraphic records taken from 17 early adult females treated with RME. All patients had a bilateral posterior crossbite, transverse maxillary deficiency...

Weighted least squares (WLS), weighted mean-and-variance-adjusted (WLSMV), unweighted (ULSMV), maximum likelihood (ML), robust (MLR) and Bayesian estimation methods were compared in mixed item response type data via Monte Carlo simulation. The percentage of polytomous items, distribution categories average factor loading, sample size test length conditions manipulated. ULSMV WLSMV found to be t...

The phenomenological model of Khossravi and Connors (1992) has been adopted to calculate the electrophoretic mobility of drugs at different concentrations of solvents in a binary mixture. The accuracy and predictability of the model have been evaluated employing 14 experimental data sets by using average percentage mean deviation (APMD). The obtained APMD for correlative and predictive studies ...