BACKGROUND Myopia subjects usually have long axial lengths and are predisposed to deep anterior chamber depths and open angles. Jiangning eye study is a randomized, population based study in Shanghai to determine whether myopia has an effect on the prevalence of occludable angles. METHODS A total of 2478 residents aged 50 years and over were randomly selected, and 2044 (82.5%) individuals of ...

PURPOSE To systematically examine the association between ocular biometry and retinal vascular caliber in Singapore Chinese preschoolers aged 48 to 72 months. METHODS A total of 469 Singapore Chinese children aged 48 to 72 months were recruited through the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive Error Study in Singaporean Chinese Preschoolers (STARS) from 2006 to 2008. According to standardized ...

BACKGROUND/AIM The technique of photoretinoscopy is unique in being able to measure the dynamics of the oculomotor system (ocular accommodation, vergence, and pupil size) remotely (working distance typically 1 metre) and objectively in both eyes simultaneously. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically the measurement of refractive error by a recent commercial photoretinoscopic device, t...

PURPOSE Twin studies have demonstrated a high heritability for refractive error of up to 90%, but some family studies have suggested up to one-third of population variance is attributable to the effects of shared family environment. This large twin study aimed to explore the role of shared environment in refractive error. METHODS Refractive error was measured using autorefraction in 4602 subj...

PURPOSE We assessed the prevalence and predictors of inaccurate refractive error among rural refractionists in western China. METHODS A subset of primary school children with visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 in ≥1 eye, undergoing subjective refinement by local refractionists after cycloplegic autorefraction in an ongoing population-based study, received repeat refraction by university optometrists fo...

PURPOSE To design and test a cost-efficient, community-based vision screening program for a population of Native American preschool children in which there is a high prevalence of astigmatism. METHODS Based on analysis of vision screening and eye examination data from a preschool population with a 33% prevalence of astigmatism, comparative costs to conduct a 1000-child screening program with ...

PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism of action of the Tetraflex (Lenstec Kellen KH-3500) accommodative intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS Thirteen eyes of eight patients implanted with the Tetraflex accommodating IOL for at least 2 years underwent assessment of their objective amplitude-of-accommodation by autorefraction, anterior chamber depth and pupil size with optical coherence tomography, a...

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence and risk factors for myopia in 6- and 7-year-old children of Chinese ethnicity in Sydney and Singapore. METHODS Two cross-sectional samples of age- and ethnicity-matched primary school children participated: 124 from the Sydney Myopia Study and 628 from the Singapore Cohort Study on the Risk Factors for Myopia. Cycloplegic autorefraction was used to determi...

PURPOSE This prospective, randomized, double-masked, crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of progressive addition lenses (PALs) compared with single-vision lenses (SVLs) on myopia progression in Japanese children. METHODS Ninety-two children fulfilling the inclusion criteria (age: 6-12 years, spherical equivalent refractive errors: -1.25 to -6.00 D) were random...

PURPOSE The Raine Eye Health Study (REHS) was conceived to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for eye disease in young adults, and to characterize ocular biometric parameters in a young adult cohort. This article summarizes the rationale and study design of REHS and outlines the baseline prevalence of ophthalmic disease in this population. METHODS The Western Australian Pregnancy Co...