The study interrogates the impact of exchange rate on economic growth Nigeria from 1981 to 2020 using quarterly time-series data Central Bank and World National Account. dependent variable in model was Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), independent variables were Exchange Rate (EXCHR), inflation (INFL), Interest (INTR), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Broad Money Supply (M2) Current Account B...

liberalization of international markets affects level of pollution in developing countries more than in developed countries. therefore the impact of trade liberalization on environmental pollution is a challenge for policy makers. in this paper auto regressive distributed lags (ardl) and error correction model (ecm) methods are employed for a study of the relationship between trade liberalizati...

This study aims to examine the relationship between money supply and exchange rate in Algeria 1990 2020. We analyze economic conditions that characterized this period, including shift from a directed economy market economy, as well Algeria's participation International Monetary Fund World Bank programs. To understand impact of on short long term, we utilize Engel-Granger co-integration method. ...

In the general context of Morocco's New Development Model (NDM), where policy territorial attractiveness requires all its credentials, and more specifically within framework regional declination Industrial Acceleration Plan (IAP), issue structural transformation (ST) Moroccan economy is highly topical great interest to Kingdom. This article examines, under external constraints international ope...

Relevance: With Russia's economy and trade growing significantly since 2014, there is a need to examine the impact of economic openness on government expenditure, given country's fiscal reforms. Research Objective: This study aims measure expenditure (government size) by categorizing it into capital openness. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model used long-run short-run size. Data Me...

This paper tries to analyze effects of trade and financial liberalizations on the Iran’s government size during both long-run and short- run. Accordingly, a specification of the auto regression with distributed lag (ARDL) has been used for investigating the long run relationships between variables, and a vector correction model (VECM) has examined dynamically the short-run relationships betwe...

In this increasingly globalized era, foreign direct investments are considered to be one of the most important sources external financing for all countries. This paper investigates causal relationship between trade openness and investment (FDI) inflows in Romania during period 1997–2019. Throughout study, Trade Openness is main independent variable, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real Effective ...