Abstract This study intends to examine the impact of current health expenditure, domestic government education social protection, population growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on human capital formation in context Pakistan. utilized skill measure capital. The annual data for period 1990–2020 has been extracted from World Development Indicators (WDI) Bank. auto-regressive distributed la...

Once again, the World has been faced with an oil price shock as a result of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. This resurrected old debate whether retail fuel prices adjust significantly to either increases or decreases in international crude prices. With many countries moving towards deregulation their petroleum sub-sector, impact US dollar exchange rate on cannot be overlooked. study investigat...

This paper analyses the relationship between Nitrous Oxide emissions, agricultural land use, and economic growth in Pakistan. Agriculture largely contributes to emissions. Hence, models of agriculture induced emissions are estimated addition total Estimated accommodate more flexible forms than those widely adopted testing Environmental Kuznets Curve. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) b...

This paper empirically investigates the causal relationship between energy prices and economic performance in South Africa by employing auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test technique for period 1994 to 2019. The empirical evidence that was reviewed used a different methodology covered periods, particularly African context. While previous studies investigated examining oil or elect...

Time-series cross-section (TSCS) data are prevalent in political science, yet many distinct challenges presented by TSCS remain underaddressed. We focus on how dependence both space and time complicates estimating either spatial or temporal dependence, dynamics, effects. Little is known about modeling one of cross-sectional well while neglecting the other affects results analysis. demonstrate a...

This study were examined relationship between bank credits and investment growth of agricultural sector in Iran during the period of 1982-2011 by auto regressive distribution lag bounds test approach. Basically, the growth investing of the agricultural sector in Iran is related to oil revenues, bank credits, value added of agriculture sector and capital stock. The results confirm the existence ...

The motivation of this study has been to identify the effects multidimensional perspectives macroeconomic volatility on growth external debt in Nigeria from 1970 2018. Methodologically, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and TodaYamamoto causality approach were adopted. For purpose understanding perspective volatility, was disaggregated into three different which are: outcomes, domes...

The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term determinants China’s imported wine demand and forecast imports from 2019 2023 using econometric methods. Auto-regressive distributed lag models are developed based on neoclassical economic theory for bottled, bulk, sparkling top five countries origin. empirical results demonstrate that income most important determinant demand, price only pla...