Geyser geothermal fields are scenic volcanic landforms that often contain tens to hundreds of thermal spot vents erupt boiling water or bubbling mud pools. The potentially hazardous sites due temperatures and changes in vent locations eruption dynamics, which poorly understood. Here we report on the rapid profound can affect such a geyser field ultimately lead dangerous, unanticipated eruption....

A method has been developed for retrieving the scattering and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol from measurements of solar transmission, aureole, and angular distribution of the scattered and polarized sky light in the solar principal plane. Numerical simulations of measurements have been used to investigate the feasibility of the method and to test the algorithm's performance. It...

Ureilites and carbonaceous chondrites: The origin of ureilite meteorites has been consistently regarded as problematic [1]. A distinctive feature of ureilites is that they contain carbonaceous matter up to 6 wt. %, particularly in the form of graphite in veinlets between silicate (mostly olivine) crystals, and along their cleavage planes. The carbonaceous matter within them suggests a relations...

Carbonatite complexes and associated fenite zones are famous for their high-grade rare metal ores. The carbonatite–fenite generally contain high concentrations of light earth elements (LREE), thorium (Th), uranium (U). While most carbonatites closely related to continental rift zones, some can be observed in post-collisional tectonic environments. Özvatan nepheline syenite–carbonatite complex i...