Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic progressive neurological diseases and is regarded as the non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in youth. The Multiple sclerosis patients need for family caregiver increasingly grows due to the progressive course of the disease, which worsens the symptoms over time. Family caregivers of this group of patients are subject to ...

the relationship between economic growth and developments in the ‎financial sector has been one of the most discussed areas in economics ‎for a long time; and the direction of causality – whether financial ‎development causes economic growth or vice versa – is by no means a ‎settled issue.‎this paper investigates the short- run and long-run granger causality ‎between financial development and e...

economic growth and development of market, stock exchange and related variables are among components which influence on business, economic activities and management of society. financial repression is among economic variables greatly influencing on financial market specifically capital market and economic growth and development; so that, this concept caused to publish financial growth and devel...

This paper surveys the literature on how democracy affects economic growth. The paper first presents descriptive statistics and brief case-descriptions to illustrate how democracy and dictatorship may affect growth. Thereafter, the paper evaluates five central arguments on democracy and growth, before it surveys empirical studies on the relationship. Furthermore, the paper highlights critical m...

this paper investigates the impacts of economic and financial developments on environmental pollution for 6 opec countries using panel cointegration and panel long-run estimator (dols) over the period 1980–2008.  the results shows that both economic and financial development have significant effect on the environmental quality in selected opec economies. the findings not support the existence o...

abstract: the tax capacity is one of the main concepts in public finance and provides the required information on state economic power in mobilizing the tax resources for responding the financial problems and execution of economic policies. for this purpose, the main objective of this paper is to estimate the tax capacity for oil exporting countries over the period of 1995-2008 by applying pane...

The relationship between financial development and economic growth is the crucial issues which could grab economists and policy makers' attention to it. Financial market plays an essential role on each economy, because it conducts funds to those individuals or firms which have productive investment opportunities. If the financial system does not perform this role efficiently, the economic effic...

How does the sovereign credit ratings history provided by independent ratings agencies affect domestic financial sector development and international capital inflows to emerging countries? We address this question utilizing a comprehensive dataset of sovereign credit ratings from Standard and Poor’s from 1995-2003 for a cross-section of 51 emerging markets. Within a panel data estimation framew...

Abstract—This paper addressed the impacts of energy consumption, economic growth, financial development, and population size on environmental degradation using grey relational analysis (GRA) for China, where foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows is the proxy variable for financial development. The more recent historical data during the period 2004–2011 are used, because the use of very old da...