A new method for assessing the similarity of crystal structures is described. A similarity measure is important in classification and clustering problems in which the crystal structures are the source of information. Classification is particularly important for the understanding of properties of crystals, while clustering can be used as a data reduction step in polymorph prediction. The method ...

Measuring simultaneously the force and the conductance during the formation and rupture of an atomic-sized gold contact at room temperature, we observe that deformation occurs as a sequence of structural transformations involving elastic and yielding stages and that force and conductance before rupture have definite values which are likely to correspond to a single atom contact. We measure the ...

Cantilevers fabricated by means of micromachining techniques are usually used for atomic force microscopy. In this paper, the spring constant of an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever is determined by using a large-scale cantilever. Since the spring constant of the large-scale cantilever is calibrated accurately, the spring constant of the AFM cantilever is determined precisely by measurin...

is atomic in nature . Hence, whenever μ is continuous, we have Tn =1 almost surely for all n. This is in stark contrast with the Glivenko-Cantelli norm, which is known to converge to zero almost surely as n --~ oo (by the Glivenko--Cantelli theorem) . If μ is atomic, it is quite obvious that Tn --~ 0 almost surely as n --~ 0. In order for Tn to be small when μ is nonatomic, we should not use th...

In this paper, we introduce a new technique to find the approximate solution of a nonlinear initial value problem (IVP). By introducing an artificial zero cost function and a linear functional, the problem is modified into one consisting of the minimization of a positive linear functional over a set of Radon measures. Then we obtain an optimal measure which is approximated by a finite combinati...

..................................................x Acknowledgments......................................xi Statement of Originality..............................xiii List of Publications and Presentations.............xiv Chapter One: Introduction...........................................................................1 1.1 Motivation..............................................................

We discuss radiative corrections to an atomic two-level system subject to an intense driving laser field. It is shown that the Lamb shift of the laser-dressed states, which are the natural state basis of the combined atom-laser system, cannot be explained in terms of the Lamb shift received by the atomic bare states which is usually observed in spectroscopic experiments. In the final part, we p...

The phenomenon of fast electron channeling in atomic crystals has long been appreciated as an important factor in TEM characterization, being particularly critical for consideration in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). As such, electron channeling effects have been examined to understand the thickness-dependence of annular-dark-field (ADF) STEM image contrast [1], the emergence ...

The Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP was used to measure the atomic masses of radioactive nuclei with an uncertainty better than 10 keV. The atomic masses of the neutron-deficient nuclei around the N = Z line were measured to improve the understanding of the rp-process path and the SbSnTe cycle. Furthermore, the masses of the neutron-rich gallium (Z = 31) to palladium (Z = 46) nuclei hav...

The proposed work presents the results for contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which are applied to characterize surface of two types samples, “reference” sample “space” sample, both made same material – graphite covered with glassy carbon coating, but stored 28 months in different environments (conditions). One was mounted outside International Space Station, other on Earth.
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