Metro accessibility has attracted interest in sustainable transport analyses. Hence, the accuracy of metro-accessibility measures have become increasingly vital. Various spatiotemporal factors, including by-metro accessibility, land-use and to-metro affect metro accessibility; however, measuring while considering all these components simultaneously is challenging. By integrating factors into a ...

This thesis examines algorithms for the drawing of metro maps. The most important elements of a metro map are stations and lines connecting the stations. In the context of this thesis, we restrict the elements used for representing lines to one of two classes: On the one hand, circular segments lying on circles with a common center S are allowed. On the other hand, line segments lying on lines ...

BACKGROUND The research productivity of a place depends on doctors, patients and available infrastructure to carry research activities. AIMS We aimed to study the publishing trends and research productivity of metro and non-metro cities in the Journal of the Association of Physi cians of India (JAPI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Bibliometric analysis of research articles published in JAPI between...

Aircraft must follow strict Air Traffic Control (ATC) rules. One of these rules is that aircraft have to fly over predefined Flight Routes (FR). Current ATC visualizations do not display FRs because they are numerous and run into each other, and thus spoil the visualization. The schematic views for metro maps are used to maximize the transmission of relevant information (lines, metro stops) of ...

The installation of stationary super-capacitor energy storage system (ESS) in metro systems can recycle the vehicle braking energy and improve the pantograph voltage profile. This paper aims to optimize the energy management, location, and size of stationary super-capacitor ESSes simultaneously and obtain the best economic efficiency and voltage profile of metro systems. Firstly, the simulation...

Jinan is a famous spring city in China. Construction of underground metro system may block groundwater seepage, inducing the depletion risk of springs. This paper presents an assessment of the risk due to metro line construction to groundwater in Jinan City using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic International System (GIS). Based on the characteristics of hydrogeology and engineer...

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a link management standard that provides loop free paths in Ethernet networks. Deploying STP in metro area networks is inadequate because it does not meet the requirements of these networks. STP blocks redundant links, causing the risk of congestion close to the root. As a result, STP provides poor support for load balancing in metro Ethernet networks. A solution...