We present the first simultaneous measurements of HOx, NOx, and Clx radicals in the middle stratosphere obtained during a balloon flight at 34 N in September 1989, along with calculations from a photochemical model, to show that NOx catalytic cycles dominate loss of ozone (O3) for altitudes between 24 and 38 km; the observed abundance of ClO is lower than that expected for altitudes above 30 km...

We quantify and interpret the long-term variability of dayside Martian upper thermosphere lower exosphere densities within 180–275 km altitudes. Atmospheric CO2, N2, O, Ar are from NASA Mars Atmosphere Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations during time period 2015–2020 near solar minimum. These neutral measurements, together with contemporaneous irradiance measurements at Mars, enable disentan...

Cellulosic and agricultural bio-energy crops can be utilized as feedstock source for bio-fuels production and provide environmental benefits such as hydrology, water quality. This study compared potential feedstock yield and water quality benefit scenarios of six bio-energy crops: Miscanthus (Miscanthus-giganteus), Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Alfalfa (Medic...

Today, researches have shown that the best and most effective way to reduce the incidence of disorders related to pesticides and prevent their transfer to the milk and other animal products is the application of adsorbents or bonding compounds. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different toxin adsorbents (Mycofix-Plus, Bio-Tox, Bio-Acid) on the amount of diazinon residues in grape ...

This study aims to explore how lichen diversity, composition, and distribution vary with altitude, environmental factors (temperature relative humidity). The was conducted in the forest of Gunung Bunga Buah, Selangor at five sites (different altitudes). Forty-four species were identified. Their correlated significantly altitude factors, increasing diversity higher altitudes. Graphidaceae Physci...

About 30 female and juvenile Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) were observed over 2 years on a 200 ha study area. At dawn, thar were at low altitudes and most were feeding. They ascended during the morning to spend the middle of the day resting at high altitudes. In the afternoon they descended again, with increasing feeding activity, to reach low altitudes at dusk. The vertical movement w...

23 Chronic living at altitudes ~2500m causes consistent hematological acclimatization in most, but 24 not all, groups of athletes; however, responses of erythropoietin (EPO) and red cell mass to a 25 given altitude show substantial individual variability. We hypothesized that athletes living at 26 higher altitudes would experience greater improvements in sea level performance, secondary to 27 g...

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an important component of the global water cycle, and its long-term change directly influences regional supply demand balance. Under background change, investigating spatiotemporal trends in ET0 response to climate great importance for conservation rational utilization resources. Based on daily data from 91 meteorological stations during 1960–2017 Northeast...

[1] We use a chemical transport model (GEOS-CHEM) to quantify the contribution of long-range transported pollution to the European ozone (O3) budget for the year 1997. The model reproduces the main features observed over Europe for O3, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxides, as well as two events of enhanced O3 of North American origin over the eastern North Atlantic and over Europe. North Ameri...