We document how product quality responds to exchange rate movements and quantify the extent which these changes affect aggregate pass-through into export prices. analyze substantial sudden appreciation of Swiss franc post removal 1.20-CHF-per-euro lower bound in 2015 using data representing a large share universe goods exports from Switzerland. find that firms upgrade their products after appre...

One-pass authenticated key establishment (AKE) protocols are arguably better suited to the ID-based environment than their two-pass counterparts. However, there is no ID-based one-pass AKE protocol proposed in the literature with a proof of security in an appropriate model. This paper addresses the current gap by proposing a new ID-based one-pass AKE protocol and proving it secure in a formal m...

Article history: Received 25 November 2008 Revised 23 May 2009 Available online 11 June 2009 JEL classification: D1 D4 L1

Abstract Using detailed firm-level transactions data for UK imports, we find that invoicing in a vehicle currency is pervasive, with more than half of the our sample invoiced neither sterling nor exporter’s currency. We then study relationship between currencies and response import unit values to exchange rate changes. currency, are much sensitive changes bilateral rate. Pass-through therefore ...