نتایج جستجو برای: asymmetric behavior of sma
تعداد نتایج: 21215035 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
In this paper, we propose an original formalism inspired by Markov Decision Process in order to represent homogeneously actions and direct interactions between agents. Thanks to the introduction of individual rewards characterising the problem to be solved, this formalism is a first step towards the automatic computation of policies and use of available interactions. A simple problem of distrib...
Measuring the state variables of systems actuated by shape memory alloys (SMAs) is normally a difficult task because of the small diameter of the SMA wires. In such cases, as an alternative, observers are used to estimate the state vector. This paper presents an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for estimation of the state variables of a single-degree-of-freedom rotary manipulator actuated by an SMA...
We analyzed neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field (SEF), supplementary motor area (SMA), and presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) during the performance of three motor tasks: capturing a visual target with a saccade, reaching one arm to a target while gazing at a visual fixation point, or capturing a target with a saccade and arm-reach together. Our data demonstrated that each area ...
واکنش هزینهها به تغییرات افزایشی یا کاهشی درآمد فروش به صورت متقارن اتفاق نمیافتد. معمولاً واکنش هزینهها در شرایط کاهش فروش، کمتر و کندتر از افزایش فروش صورت میپذیرد. به این رفتار هزینهها، چسبندگی هزینهها اطلاق میشود. پدیده چسبندگی هزینهها ریشه در تصمیمات آگاهانه مدیران دارد. از لحاظ نظری، مدیران در تصمیمات خود در مورد تعدیل منابع به عوامل مختلفی توجه میکنند که یکی از آنها مساله نااطمین...
We explored functional differences between the supplementary and presupplementary motor areas (SMA and pre-SMA, respectively) systematically with respect to multiple behavioral factors, ranging from the retrieval and processing of associative visual signals to the planning and execution of target-reaching movement. We analyzed neuronal activity while monkeys performed a behavioral task in which...
Background and Objectives:Antibiotics and hormones are excreted with other wastes following their influences on bodies.These substances can disturbed treatment process by their entery to the wastewater. In this study the inhibitory behavior of antibiotics Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin and hormone stradiol 17- valerat have been investigated on Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) of anaerobic biom...
OBJECTIVE To study how the early crying behavior of preterm infants at term, 6 weeks, and 5 months of corrected age is related to later behavioral problems at age 3 and 4 years and parenting stress at 2 and 4 years. METHODS The study group included 202 live-born, low birth weight infants (birth weight ≤1500 g) born from January 2001 through December 2006 at the Turku University Hospital, Finl...
A key component of executive control and decision making is the ability to use the consequences of chosen actions to update and inform the process of future action selection. Evaluative signals, which monitor the outcomes of actions, are critical for this ability. Signals related to the evaluation of actions have been identified in eye movement-related areas of the medial frontal cortex. Here w...
The Shape Memory Alloy is a lightweight, compact and biocompatible actuation mechanism which is considered here to replace the current actuation technologies in assistive locomotion devices. This paper is aimed toward the development of an adaptive robust controller to deal with control problems in the actuation of shape memory alloys (SMA). In this research the ankle joint is considered to be ...
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