To the Editor: I read with interest the October editorial, “JRS Standard for Reporting Astigmatism Outcomes of Refractive Surgery”1 by Reinstein et al.; however, some clarification is required. I advocated common standards for reporting surgically induced astigmatism in 1997.2 In 2008, a comprehensive analysis of assessment methods and statistical analysis of surgically induced astigmatism was ...

PURPOSE To report a novel application of toric topographically customized transepithelial collagen cross-linking (CXL) aiming to achieve refractive astigmatic changes in a keratoconic cornea. METHODS Specially formulated riboflavin transepithelial administration and delivery of high-fluence UVA in a topographically customized pattern was applied in an eye with progressive keratoconus. Visual ...

We try to improve the accuracy of eccentric photorefraction by taking more information into account than just the size and tilt of the crescent. Based on Gaussian optics and the assumption of an isotropic scattering retina, a theoretical analysis of the light-intensity distribution in the pupils of astigmatic eyes is presented. The method is applied to different photorefractor setups (point lig...

Background The refractive outcomes of glaucoma surgeries, particularly their effect on astigmatism, are incompletely understood. Main body Trabeculectomy is associated with a considerable amount of with-the-rule astigmatic change in the immediate postoperative period. This is followed by a gradual against-the-rule shift. These changes are altered with the use of mitomycin C (MMC). Non-penetra...

If a polychromatic ray segment enters an optical system, is dispersed into many slightly different paths through the system, and finally emerges at a single point, then the incident segment defines what Le Grand and Ivanoff called an achromatic axis of the system. Although their ideas of some 65 years ago have inspired important work on the optics of the eye there has been no analysis of such a...

The authors assessed relationships between visual acuity and the amplitude, frequency, intensity, and duration of foveation periods in a retrospective study of 32 patients. Twenty-four patients had congenital idiopathic nystagmus, and eight patients had nystagmus and albinism. Visual acuity was determined for Landolt ring optotypes and, as the extrapolated high-frequency cutoff of the contrast ...

To determine if the involuntary contractions of eyelids may have any effects on the development of corneal astigmatism, we performed this prospective study which includes 19 patients with either essential blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm. In hemifacial spasm, the degree of corneal astigmatism was evaluated between two eyes. Then the topographic changes were checked using vector analysis techni...