Although people who experience happiness tend to have better psychological health, people who value happiness to an extreme tend to have worse psychological health, including more depression. We propose that the extreme valuing of happiness may be a general risk factor for mood disturbances, both depressive and manic. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between the extreme val...

Schizencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly of the brain, characterized by formation of abnormal unilateral or bilateral clefts in the cerebral hemispheres. It often manifests with partial seizures, mental retardation and hemiparesis. Only two cases of schizencephaly associated with psychosis have been reported in the literature. A patient of schizencephaly, who had bipolar affective disorder i...

objective: the aim of this study was to identify prognosis factors associated with recurrence in patients ‎with bipolar disorder.‎‎ method: this retrospective cohort study was conducted in hamadan province, the west of iran. all ‎patients (n = 400) with bipolar disorder who were hospitalized for the second time or more ‎during april 2008 to september 2014 were included in this study. ordinal lo...

This review presents an up-to-date assessment of the role of the tryptophan metabolic and catabolic pathways in neurodegenerative disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. The kynurenine pathway and the effects of each of its enzymes and products are reviewed. The differential expression of the kynurenine pathway in cells within the brain, including inflammatory cells, is explored giv...

The CACNA1C gene, encoding a subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel is one of the best-supported susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder (BD). Genome-wide association studies have identified a cluster of non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 3 to be highly associated with BD and schizophrenia. The mechanism by which these SNPs confer risk of BD appears to be...

objective in this article, a motor skill disorder called developmental coordination disorder (dcd), that is usually first diagnosed during childhood, is explained and discussed. in the year 1987, dcd was formally recognized as a distinct disorder in children by the american psychiatric association  (apa). dcd is a generalized term for the children who have some degrees of impairment in the deve...

Accepted 9 July 1997 Interferon-alpha (Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland) is a highly purified, bacterially synthesized agent with antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties.' Interferon-alpha has been approved for the treatment of several types of cancer (eg, leukaemia, lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma and melanoma) and of chronic hepatitis.2'4 Usually causing flu-like s...

Methods E.M., 4 years old, comes to our observation because of the presence of recurrent episodes of fever lasting 4-5 days,since about one year, every 15 days, associated with diarrhea, urticaria-like rush decreasing spontaneously, mainly on the back and lower limbs. From November 2012 to April, the patient presented daily fever (Tmax 40°C) associated with worsening rush, arthralgia and arthri...

Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV)は1964年 にアフリカのバー キットリンパ腫培養細胞から発見された.そ の後,上 咽頭 がんや 胃がんなどとの関わ りも明らかにされ,歴 史的に最 も活発 に研究 がな されて きた ヒ トがん ウイルスhuman Cancer virusで あると言える.そ の明 らかな発癌 との関連 にも関わらず,EBVは 高度に普遍的なウイルスで もある. EBVは 主に唾液 を関した母子感染によって伝播 されると 考えられる.わ が国の25歳 以上の成人人口においては,ほ ぼ100%に 近い感染率を示す とされる. EBVと 血 液 リ ンパ 系 疾 患 との 関 わ りは 深 い.表1に, 主 なEBV関 連 血 液 リ ンパ 系 疾 患 を示 す.知 られ る 限 り リ ンパ 系 疾 患 が 主 体 で あ り,顆 粒 球 系 な ど他 ...