the original biophysical profile is time consuming and costly. this study was performed to compare diagnostic value of the original fetal biophysical profile to the modified biophysical profile. patients were selected from high risk pregnancies referred for fetal assessment and were randomly assigned to two groups. the measures of outcomes were perinatal mortality, cesarean section for abnormal...

Almost two in 10 adults the U.S. and Europe are, at any moment time, diagnosed with a mental illness. This paper asks whether illness is over- (or under-) diagnosed, by looking its causal effect on individuals margin of diagnosis. We follow all Swedish men born between 1971 1983 matched to administrative panel data health, labor market, wealth family outcomes estimate impact diagnosis subsequen...