1. Many friends and colleagues have contributed to our research in various ways throughout time. In particular we acknowledge our discussant, Dr. A. Lago, President of ASCE; Mr. J. F. Alonso, also of ASCE, who facilitated us some data; Dr. C. Mesa-Lago, of U. Pittsburgh; Mr. S. Lippe, of Radio Marti; Dr. J. Clark, of Miami Dade CC.; Messrs. T. Bonn and L. Styles, of SUNY-Cortland, who facilitat...

As a key hydrological parameter, daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) determines the accuracy of the hydrological number of the crop, and, consequently, the regional optimization disposition of water resources. At present, the main methods for ETo estimation are the Penman-Monteith (PM) equation and its modified formula, both of which are based on climatic factors such as temperature, radia...

Cite this article: Hanna E, Penman J, Jónsson T, Bigg GR, Björnsson H, Sjúrðarson S, Hansen MA, Cappelen J, Bryant RG. 2016 Meteorological effects of the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015: analysis of UK Met Office automatic weather station data and comparison with automatic weather station data from the Faroes and Iceland. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 374: 20150212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015....

So far, various methods have been presented for determining reference crop evapotranspiration in different parts of the world. The most popular and prestigious of them are probably the combined methods of Penman family, modified Blany-Criddle, Hargreaves - Samani and thornthwaite. Due to lack of lysimeter data in many parts of Iran, presenting an equation according to the regional condition wit...

ASCE has committed the profession to sustainability for at least a decade. The implied educational imperative is for a broader and deeper preparation of new engineers, and at the same time, of the practicing profession. The ASCE committee working on the second edition of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge has embraced sustainability as an independent technical outcome; and has set out spec...

A climate model must include an accurate surface physics scheme in order to examine the interactions between the land and atmosphere. Given an increase in the surface radiative forcing, the sensitivity of latent heat flux to available energy plays an important role in determining the energy budget and has a significant impact on the response of surface temperature. The Penman–Monteith equation ...

The information on transpiration is vital for sustaining fragile ecosystem in arid/semiarid environment, including the Horqin Sandy Land (HSL) located in northeast China. However, such information is scarce in existing literature. The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure sap flow of selected individual stems of two sand-fixing plants, namely Salix gordejevii and Caragana microphylla, i...