The design of future air traffic management (ATM) systems appears as a grand challenge. Because of its very large scale, complexity, and dynamicity, we believe that the future of air traffic management lies in hybrid distributed cooperative control systems, including human experts (air traffic controllers) and also intelligent computer support through artificial agents. Such artificial agents c...

Phonetic segmentation is the process of splitting speech into distinct phonetic units. Human experts routinely perform this task manually by analyzing auditory and visual cues using analysis software, which is an extremely time-consuming process. Methods exist for automatic segmentation, but these are not always accurate enough. In order to improve automatic segmentation, we need to model it as...

We believe that mathematics is the language of science and has paved the way of many innovations. However, mathematical research is often said to be “non-practical” and “hard to digest”. Furthermore, experts have access to highly specialized results, but are often less aware of applications outside their own community. Our work promotes the exchange of highly-specialized knowledge between indiv...

a purpose of zagros forests preservation plan is to reduce degradation factors through empowering woodman beneficiaries and underdevelopment of rural forested areas which appear as scattered agronomies inside and in forest margins, trees cutting for power supply, trees cutting for hay supply or making coal in forested regions. therefore, natural resources experts believe that, by creation or im...

h Though prosecution and sentencing processes have built-in discretion to accommodate the circumstances of each case, prosecutors, judges, and other experts in criminal justice believe that the wide variation in the outcomes listed above is beyond the expected bounds of discretion, and occurs primarily for two reasons. h First, it is important to recognize that successful prosecution requires s...

A human influenza pandemic generally occurs every 30-40 years, and many experts believe that the next pandemic is overdue. There are a number of requirements for a new pandemic to begin: i) emergence of a new viral strain to which general populations lack sufficient immunity, ii) ability of this new strain to infect humans and to cause severe disease, and, iii) capability to transmit efficientl...

Many experts believe the only sustainable advantage an organization will have in the future is its ability to learn faster than its competitors. This competitive advantage can be achieved by transforming the organization into a learning organization. This article describes the basic elements of a learning organization and how to transform an organization to focus on learning. The article also d...

Affinity diagramming is a commonly used contextual design practice in the development of interactive systems. Currently many tools exist that attempt to support the process of designing. However, experts and novices alike eschew tool use, instead preferring traditional paper and whiteboard methods. In this paper, we explore the potential of using Multiple Display Environments (MDEs) for the pro...