In order to investigate the substrate binding feature of undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase from Micrococcus luteus B-P 26 with respect to farnesyl diphosphate and a reaction intermediate, (Z,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate, we examined the reactivity of artificial substrate analogs, 3-desmethyl farnesyl diphosphate and 3-desmethyl Z-geranylgeranyl diphosphate, which lack the methyl group at the...

This thesis describes a novel approach to the rational design o f artificial esterases and aldolases. The Introduction provides a literature summary of the previous approaches that have been employed towards the design and synthesis of artificial enzyme systems. Chapter 2 describes the preparation and reactivity of a number of polymer based artificial enzymes, which are capable of catalysing es...

Catalysis is the most efficient strategy for the preparation of enantiopure products. Homogeneous and enzymatic catalyses are in many respects complementary in terms of substrate and reaction scope, operating conditions, enantioselection mechanism, etc. In terms of performance optimization, directed evolution methodologies outperform combinatorial ligand libraries. With the aim of combining the...

The swimming direction of biological or artificial microscale swimmers tends to be randomised over long time-scales by thermal fluctuations. Bacteria use various strategies to bias swimming behaviour and achieve directed motion against a flow, maintain alignment with gravity or travel up a chemical gradient. Herein, we explore a purely geometric means of biasing the motion of artificial nanorod...

Monoamine oxidase (MAO, E.C. 1.4.3.4) activity was determined by spectrophotofluorimetric assay of the reaction product of the artificial substrate kynuramine in platelets from venous blood samples from 50 outpatients with glaucomas and 47 sex- and age-matched controls. No significant differences were found between MAO activity in control subjects and that in subjects with glaucomas grouped acc...

Solar radiation is one of the deterioration factors par excellence modern urban artworks, as among other manifestations, it causes loss colour. This can compromise durability works, although not known to what extent this vary depending on substrate supporting paint. We evaluated susceptibility sunlight 10 paints differing compositions typically used by artists, exposing them, applied concrete a...

A photothermal film (PTF) with densely assembled gold nanoparticle-fixed beads on a polymer substrate is fabricated. Remarkably, a temperature rise higher than 40 °C is achieved in the PTF with only 100 seconds of artificial solar irradiation, and the output power of the thermoelectric device was enhanced to be one order higher than that without PTF. These results will pioneer a rapid solar the...

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device that converts chemical energy into electricity through the catalytic activities of microorganisms. In the present contribution, we demonstrated the comparative electricity production capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisae and Clostridium acetobutylicum in two chambered MFC using Artificial Waste water. Temperature, pH, substrate concentration and addition of...

Reconfigurable micro-strip patch antenna with a U-slot is proposed for wearable fabric applications. Fabric substrate is used for the proposed antenna for manufactured and designed to steer the beam directions at the operation frequency of 7. 0 GHz. For design the proposed antenna the U-shaped slot and a proximity-coupled feeding technique are applied. By configuring two artificial switches bet...

in  this paper  thin  films of  tin sulfide (sns) were deposited on  the glass substrates using spray pyrolysis method with the substrate temperatures in the range of 400–600℃, keeping the other deposition parameters constant. in  this work  the characteristic of sns  thin  films  investigated. the xrd pattern and optical transmittance of thin films also are discussed. with the change in concen...