background: cone beam computed tomography (cbct) is an alternative to a computed tomography (ct) scan, which is appropriate for a wide range of craniomaxillofacial indications. the long‑term use of metallic materials in dentistry means that artifacts caused by metallic restorations in the oral cavity should be taken into account when utilizing cbct and ct scanners. the aim of this study was to ...

a method is described whereby the isodose curves of a cobalt unit were measured, using a simple photographic technique. the method reduces the effects of experimental errors and artifacts by cross_plotting the constants of decrement liner. the method is self-calibrating, and affords a useful allernative to the more usual water phantom pro:edures, in cases when this apparatus is not available

abstract: cone-beam computed tomography (cbct) has been accepted as a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment in endodontics. despite a growing trend toward using cbct in endodontic practice the cbct images should be interpreted carefully. this case report presents a case that showed radiolucency inside and around a tooth which was free of pathologic changes under a dental operative microscope ...

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), a main precursor in the use of ontology for the Semantic Web endorses the use of Ontologies for software development. the analyzed proposals based on taxonomy presented in the above section as a function of Ontologies as artifacts used:  at software development time (for the realization of the stated engineering processes or for other auxiliary processes) ...

Reengineering and integrated development platforms typically do not list search results in a particularly useful order. PageRank is the algorithm prominently used by the Google internet search engine to rank the relative importance of elements in a set of hyperlinked documents. To determine the relevance of objects, classes, attributes, and methods we propose to apply PageRank to software artif...

The key concern of CSCW research is that of understanding computing technologies in the social context of their use, that is, as integral features of our practices and our lives, and to think of their design and implementation under that perspective. However, the question of the nature of that which is actually integrated in our practices is often discussed in confusing ways, if at all. The art...

Do artifacts act? Should agency be assigned to them in accounts of social change? Or are human beings and social structures like groups and organisations the only social agents? This is a pivotal question for technology studies, but one that has not received an unequivocal answer so far. On the one hand, the literature in technology studies is filled with examples and cases that suggest that te...

We present a formal first-order theory of artificial objects, i.e., objects made out of a finite number of parts and subject to assembling and dismantling processes. These processes are absolutely reversible. The theory is an extension of the theory of finite sets with urelements. The notions of transformation and identity are defined and studied on the assumption that the objects are homogeneo...