Societies in semi-arid areas in developing regions are amongst those, most vulnerable to climate variability and potentially most vulnerable to climate change. The vulnerability to climate variability is caused by the strong restrictions that limited water availability poses on the use of natural resources, by the generally low reliability of water availability and, on the other hand, an often ...

more than two third of the world lands are located in arid and semi arid area including iran. unfortunately there is lack of information and consequently poor scientific studies in these areas because of the difficulties which we face for collecting data and doing field studies in such a big areas under hard situations. however, in the recent decades there has been a great progress in using rem...