In poor countries, ARI are one of the leading causes of death (Table 1). Optimal medical management of ARI is, therefore, of the highest importance everywhere in theworld. The utmost importance of ARI in children is in sharp contrast to the little knowledge we have about the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical consequences such as development of asthma following respiratory infections. While A...

Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), a newly discovered coronavirus, has been associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ARI). Important questions pertaining to the contribution of HCoV-NL63 to ARI and its impact on public health remain. We reviewed HCoV-NL63 in specimens collected from 13 November 2002 to 31 December 2003 from the Stollery Children's Hospital on patients of <17 years o...

Newly emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A H5 viruses have caused outbreaks among birds in the United States. These viruses differ genetically from HPAI H5 viruses that previously caused human illness, most notably in Asia and Africa. To assess the risk for animal-to-human HPAI H5 virus transmission in the United States, we determined the number of persons with self-reported expos...

We investigated the effect of acute hypoxia (AH) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) using two independent assessment techniques to clarify previous, conflicting reports. Twelve healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women) performed six classic leg cuff tests, three breathing normoxic (Fi(O2) = 0.21) and three breathing hypoxic (Fi(O2) = 0.12) gas, using a single blinded, Latin squares design with 5...

OBJECTIVE To assess the association between 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) use in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate cancer risk. DESIGN Nationwide, population based case-control study for men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2007-09 within the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden 2.0. SETTING The National Prostate Cancer Register, National Patient Register, census, and Prescri...

BACKGROUND We assessed nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of five pathogens in febrile children with and without acute respiratory infection (ARI) of the upper (URTI) or lower tract, attending health facilities in Tanzania. METHODS NP swabs collected from children (N = 960) aged 2 months to 10 years, and with a temperature ≥38°C, were utilized to quantify bacterial density of S. pneumoniae (Sp), H....

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that impaired cerebral autoregulation and vasodilatory capacity may play in role in the pathogenesis of the leukoaraiosis seen in small vessel disease. Adequate perfusion of the deep white matter of the brain depends on the relationships between blood pressure (BP), cerebral vasoreactivity and autoregulation. METHODS 24 h ambulatory BP measurement, quantitativ...

BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infection (ARI), diarrheal disease (DD) and infective dermatitis (ID) are important causes of morbidity in children under five, in Northeast Brazil. OBJECTIVES (a) to evaluate the morbidity of ARI, DD and ID; and (b) to determine their association with cellular immunity in poor urban children from Fortaleza, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cohort stu...

The sympathetic nervous system is thought to play a key role in genesis and maintenance of ventricular arrhythmias. The myocardial effect of sympathetic stimulation on myocardial repolarization in humans is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of direct and reflex sympathetic stimulation on ventricular repolarization in patients with postinfarct cardiomyopath...

Objective To assess the association between 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) use in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate cancer risk. Design Nationwide, population based case-control study for men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2007-09 within the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden 2.0. Setting TheNational Prostate Cancer Register, National Patient Register, census, and Prescribed D...