The concept of situations has a long past, but the conceptualization of situations only has a short history. This article provides a survey of the concept of situations. Based upon Milgram’s [Human Relations 18 (1965), 57] vision toward ‘a compelling theory of situations,’ the authors examine the concept of situations in three specific literatures: definitions of situations, taxonomies of situa...

Cross-modal interaction in graphical communication is observed in collaborative problem-solving settings. Graphical communications, such as dialogues using maps, drawings, or pictures, provide people with two independent modalities: speech and drawing. Although the amount of drawing/self-speech overlap is strongly affected by activity-dependent constraints imposed by the task, the amount of dra...

Satisfaction with life domains is more highly correlated with interpersonal than with intrapersonal comparisons (Emmons and Diener, 1985). The hypothesis of the present studies is that the high correlations reflect inferences of social comparison from global satisfaction. Paradoxically, such inferences are most likely in private domains (love life, friends), where social information is scarce a...

Intelligent user interfaces provide smooth interaction with the user, possibly by employing an embodied conversational agent. This paper argues that human-agent interaction improves by provoking alignment of coordination devices. Thereby we concentrate on eye behaviour. We show that automatic alignment of eye behaviour, described for human-human interaction (Pickering & Garrod, 2004), carries o...

Dear editor-in-chief, The Future of Medical Education Journal The emergence of new theories of learning and education and a paradigm shift from being teacher-centered to student-centered alongside with advancement of novel communication technologies have set the grounds for modern human to use new methods of teaching-learning and free himself of the chains of time and place and keep on learning...

It is a widely held belief that women talk more than men; but experimental evidence has suggested that this belief is mistaken. The present study investigated whether listener bias contributes to this mistake. Dialogues were recorded in mixed-sex and single-sex versions, and male and female listeners judged the proportions of talk contributed to the dialogues by each participant. Female contrib...

Digital immersive virtual environment technology (IVET) enables behavioral scientists to conduct ecologically realistic experiments with near perfect experimental control. We employed IVET to study the interpersonal distance maintained between participants and virtual humans. In study one, participants traversed a three-dimensional virtual room in which a virtual human stood. In study two, a vi...

____________ _ Extra-corporeal perfusion was utilized during the surgical repair of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities in a twenty-four-hour-old neonate. Modifications of standard perfusion techniques are described. The need to monitor and carefully control the oxygen tension is discussed. High oxygen tension has been linked to retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) in neonates, and high oxygen ten...

This paper addresses the question of whether psychological distress and subjective well-being are the opposite poles of the same axis of mental health or independent constructs that should be measured on two independent axes. The measures used in this study originate from a preliminary ethnosemantic study and the content analysis of narratives of psychological distress and well-being episodes e...

Facial expressions reveal emotion, and imitation of these expressions gives the imitator and understanding of how others feel. Are there gender differences in imitation of facial expressions? 61 male and female students participated in this study, where facial imitation was measured. The smiling (zygomatic) and frowning (corrugator) muscle was measured with EMG, as the participants viewed happy...