background: bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp- 2) belongs to the tgf-β superfamily of proteins and plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. bmp- 2 is also associated with maintenance and repair of damaged bone. recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhbmp- 2) is now produced by genetic engineering techniques and used in treatment of thin bone fractures in the j...

In order to understand more about the epidemiology of DHF, a study of the type of dengue viruses and vectors under natural conditions was carried out. Mosquito vectors in the field and the serum of DHF patients in southern Thailand were examined. The two mosquito species are abundant and DHF incidence remains high in this region. Dengue viruses were examined in field-caught mosquitoes by RT-PCR...

Biological invasions generally induce profound effects on the structure of resident communities. In Mayotte, where Aedes aegypti and Ae. lilii were already present, the recent introduction of Ae. albopictus raises public health concerns because it may affect the risk of arbovirus transmission. Entomological surveys were carried out in six locations on the island following a transect defined by ...

The vector borne diseases cause heavy loss to mankind and livestock industry throughout the world. Global climate changes reported to contribute to the recurrence and new epidemics of vector borne diseases. Unfortunately, the available strategies to control vector borne diseases are insufficient and public health burden of the major vector borne diseases is on increasing trend. Complete eradica...

Two examples of area-wide programmes, employing the sterile insect technique (SIT), which have eradicated a parasite and a disease vector common to domestic and wild animals are described. New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, caused significant morbidity and mortality of livestock and wild mammals in tropical and subtropical areas of America before eradication was achieved in Nor...

Seasonal abundance and tendency to feed on humans are important parameters to measure for effective control of malaria vectors. The objective of this study was to describe relation between feeding pattern, abundance, and resting behavior of four malaria vectors in southern Iran. This study was conducted in ten indicator villages (based on malaria incidence and entomological indices) in mountain...

Objective(s): Carbon nanotube (CNT) has been widely applied at molecular and cellular levels due to its exceptional properties. Studies based on conjugation of CNTs with biological molecules indicated that biological activity is preserved. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is explored in designing novel gene delivery vectors due to its ability to condense plasmid DNA through electrostatic attraction. In t...

and D dimensional vectors, it takes O (D) operations to compute this distance. For a set of N vectors, computing the nearest neighbour to q would take then O (DN) operations. For large datasets this can be prohibitively expensive. Is there a way to avoid calculating all the distances? This is a large research area (see [2] for a review) and we will focus here on first methods that make use of t...

The usefulness of generating random configurations is recognized in many areas of knowledge. Fortran was born for scientific computing and has been one of the main programing languages in this area since then. And several ongoing projects targeting toward its betterment indicate that it will keep this status in the decades to come. In this article, we describe Fortran codes produced, or organiz...