The work of architecture is believed to depend on the governing thought in the process of architectural designing. This thought can be analyzed, developed, experienced, and interpreted. Creativity is the only domineering force in the idea of designing which is in quest for freeing architecture from the routine methods, and also finding the novel systems to answer the questions in architecture. ...

question about identity for four decades has been a challenging topic between people in our country. architecture has inherent, dynamic, and gradual features which is called identity despite regional and climatic differences which have had great influence on its form. its terminology in mystical interpretation regards god the origin of the identity. in other definitions, human and her/his belie...

political evolutions and struggles of 19th century prepared the ground for realization of nationalities and emergence of nationalist movements. the realization of national identity in countries such as iran, turkey and egypt was partly due to the emphasis of governments on glorious history or ancient modernity of these nations. emergence of nationalism in any country is affected by political, ...

Groupware applications play a major role in supporting distributed teams for working together collaboratively. Several groupware platforms have been developed to simplify the development of synchronous and asynchronous applications focusing on relieve developers from facing standard problems such as communication, synchronization, coordination or concurrency control. Upcoming communication tech...

The software architecture of a system defines its high-level structure, exposing its gross organization as a collection of interacting components. It typically plays a key role as a bridge between requirements and code. Practitioners have come to realize that having a good architectural design is a critical success factor for complex system development. To improve design at architectural level,...