Arbitration is currently central to the fabric of settling international energy disputes, whether in its commercial or investment modes. When arbitration applied it needs consider presence certain distinct features that can influence process. This article identifies and examines eight such features, as complexity, scale, duration projects, their cross-border character, market volatility, strate...

We study subgame-perfect implementation (SPI) mechanisms that have been proposed as a solution to incomplete contracting problems. show these mechanisms, which are based on off-equilibrium arbitration clauses impose large fines for lying and the inappropriate use of arbitration, severe behavioral constraints because induce retaliation against legitimate uses arbitration. Incorporating reciproci...

Consumer disputes are that occur between consumers and business actors in buying selling transactions. The government issued the Protection Act to provide legal protection consumers. However, its implementation there is also against arbitration decisions should binding, Law provides an opportunity for parties who object offer can file objection. Therefore, this study aims find out how resolve c...

It is not always easy to see the relevance of history current practice, a complaint that might be levelled at arbitration. Yet uses made in work about present state arbitration show some fascinating interventions have been by both eminent academics and practitioners, with important differences emerging their interpretations. This article gives brief overview legislation relating arbitration, wh...

This article considers the United Kingdom Law Commission’s recent proposal to amend Arbitration Act 1996 so as expressly empower arbitral tribunals make orders for summary dismissal of meritless claims/defences (among several other reforms Act). Noting procedures available in English courts and provisions now included procedural rules major institutions, this concludes that such an amendment wo...