it is obvious that literature means prose and poetry and makes no difference either by arabs or non – arabs. but symbolism in the arabic concept has emerged since the emergence of the dark era’s literature and is loaned from the specific characteristics of dark era’s lives and is based on two elements: brevity and indirect speech. since the symbolism has emerged like a literary school generally...

Dialectal Arabic (DA) refers to the day-to-day vernaculars spoken in the Arab world. DA lives side-by-side with the official language, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). DA differs from MSA on all levels of linguistic representation, from phonology and morphology to lexicon and syntax. Unlike MSA, DA has no standard orthography since there are no Arabic dialect academies, nor is there a large edited...

â â â â â  features of gibranian utopia in his literary works â  â sardar aslani * â  â abstractâ  every thinker and man of letters who pursues a goal in his or her works has a utopia. after introducing utopia by plato, farabi and st. augustine, gibran khalil gibran established the foundations of his own particular utopia. the features of his utopia are as follows: 1) freedom 2) kindness 3) jus...

one of the important subjects of comparative literature_ in french school_ is studying common contents between literature of different languages and separating literati’s initiatives and borrowing from other authors in the same or another language by them. with this aspect. using analytic – comparative metod, this study compares poems of abu tayyib al-muttanabbi_ as one of the most impressive a...

â â â  features of didactic poetry from jaheli epoch to â  the present time â â â â â  javad gholamali zadeh* â  kobra roshanfekr** â â â  abstract â  one of the four types of poetry in the literature world is didactic. the purpose of didactic poetry primarily is to teach points about the world and the hereafter. didactic poetry has specific features that make it different from other types. thi...

Standard Arabic (SA) is an extremely rich natural language that has unfortunately received very little interest within computational linguistics literature. We propose in this paper to explore this fertile ground and show the first steps towards the formalization of Arabic syntax and semantics by means of MultiModal Categorial Grammars. We will particularly focus on the analysis of some phenome...

considering the importance of of muallaqat in arabic literature, as well as its importance in the various sciences of language and literature, grammatical and contain many of the jahelliah words so many of commentators paid attention to them. one of those topics that attract attention and its worthy of research and investigation are etymology and phonetic issues. in the present study, it is int...

This study aimed to examine the effects of visual characteristics of Arabic orthography on learning to read compared to Hebrew among Arabic and Hebrew bilinguals in an elementary bilingual education framework. Speed and accuracy measures were examined in reading words and non-words in Arabic and Hebrew as follows: Arabic words and non-words composed of connected and similar letters, words and n...

This paper focuses on three axes. The first axis gives a survey of the importance of corpora in language studies e.g. lexicography, grammar, semantics, Natural Language Processing and other areas. The second axis demonstrates how the Arabic language lacks textual resources, such as corpora and tools for corpus analysis and the effected of this lack on the quality of Arabic language applications...

After several decades of heavy research activity on English stemmers, Arabic morphological analysis techniques have become a popular area of research. The Arabic language is one of the Semitic languages; it exhibits a very systematic but complex morphological structure based on root-pattern schemes. As a consequence, survey of such techniques proves to be more necessary. The aim of this paper i...