Given the finite supply of water available for human use, continued chemical contamination of the aquatic environment may pose a significant human health hazard. Consequently, an effort must be made to develop ambient water quality criteria to protect human health and preserve the integrity of the aquatic environment. In developing water quality criteria based on human health effects, informati...

Invertebrates show considerable potential as sentinel organisms for the monitoring of the health status of aquatic systems. They are generally small, abundant, relatively sessile, and may readily bioaccumulate toxins. Cascade-like stress responses can occur following acute or chronic exposures to contaminated environments and as such, the overall health status of individuals within those enviro...

: heavy metals are chemical pollutants characterized by their toxicity, stability, bioaccumulation and biomagnification. they might accumulate in aquatic organisms, transfer through food chain and enter into human body. therefore, the study of their accumulation in the edible aquatic species has been a very important part of ecological and monitoring investigations. astacus leptodactylus is a b...