Valid causal inference is central to progress in theoretical and applied psychology. Although the randomized experiment is widely considered the gold standard for determining whether a given exposure increases the likelihood of some specified outcome, experiments are not always feasible and in some cases can result in biased estimates of causal effects. Alternatively, standard observational app...

In the 21st century, healthcare executives are facing changes of unprecedented magnitude in virtually every area, affecting their ability to compete. That hindrance brings with it a greater need for rapid and effective organizational change and improvement. Yet changes in the U.S. healthcare delivery system have historically been criticized as slow and less than effective in responding to the c...

Fourier transforms, integer and fractional, are ubiquitous mathematical tools in basic and applied science. Certainly, since the ordinary Fourier transform is merely a particular case of a continuous set of fractional Fourier domains, every property and application of the ordinary Fourier transform becomes a special case of the fractional Fourier transform. Despite the great practical importanc...

It is now realized by all those concerned with the development of scientific, social, cultural, and economic progress, that practical applications and desirable advances in these fields depend upon research . The research is of two major kinds. One kind consists of basic fundamental research, in which problems are investigated because of their interest and challenge to the investigator, with no...

In response to a paper (Hawkins, 1992) arguing that self-efficacy is a predictor but not a cause of behavior, Bandura (1995) has raised a series of counter arguments. None of these counter arguments seem sufficient to retreat from the claim that self-efficacy is not a true cause of behavior. The present paper reaffirms the position that self-efficacy is a useful concept when used as a descripti...

Introduction Industrial research is defined as planned search or critical investigation for the acquisition of new knowledge and advancement of science with the objective of applying such knowledge and advancement for developing new products, processes or services, or in bringing about a significant improvement in existing products, processes or services. Development is the translation of resea...

â  â  â  resistance manifestations in mozafar al nawwab’s poems â  â  â  * hasan dadkhah â  naser tabe` jabery ** â  â  â  abstract â  â  a mixture of political views and resistance literature is so visible in the poems of some contemporary arab poets that they are known as resistance poets. mozafar al nawwab, the contemporary iraqi poet, is one of them. nawwab grew up in a noble and gentle s...