Bacteria are known to adapt to environmental changes such as temperature fluctuations. It was found that temperature affects the lysis-lysogeny decision of lambda such that at body temperature (37 degrees C) the phage can select between the lytic and lysogenic pathways, while at ambient temperature (20 degrees C) the lytic pathway is blocked. This temperature-dependent discriminatory developmen...

BACKGROUND Vinexin β is a novel adaptor protein that regulates cellular adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization, signal transduction, and transcription; however, the exact role that vinexin β plays in atherosclerosis remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunoblot analysis showed that vinexin β expression is upregulated in the atherosclerotic lesions of both patients with coronary heart disease...

We discuss observations of CII*/CII ratios and cooling rates due to [CII]$\,$158$\mu$m emission in high-redshift intervening damped Lyman-$\alpha$ systems towards quasars. show that the observed bimodality CII actually reflects a CII*/CII-metallicity plane can be naturally explained by phase segregation neutral medium, without invoking differences star-formation scenarios. Assuming realistic di...

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder unique to pregnancy. Although the pathogenesis of the disease begins with aberrant spiral artery invasion in the first trimester, clinical symptoms usually do not present until late in pregnancy. Apolipoprotein CII (ApoCII) and its negative regulator, apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII), have recently been described as atherogenesis biomarkers in models of card...

Starting with the lambda pRE-strain lambda ctr1 cy3008, which forms clear plaques, we have isolated two mutant strains, lambda dya2 ctr1 cy3008 and lambda dya3 ctr1 cy3008, that form plaques with very slightly turbid centers. The dya2 and dya3 mutations lie in the region of overlap between the PRE promoter and the ribosome recognition region of the cII gene, and have nucleotide alterations at p...

Antibodies to citrulline-modified proteins have a high diagnostic value in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their biological role in disease development is still unclear. To obtain insight into this question, a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies was generated against a major triple helical collagen type II (CII) epitope (position 359-369; ARGLTGRPGDA) with or without arginines modified by ...

The CD3+, IL-2-dependent normal human thymocyte clone, CII, expresses on its surface a CD3-associated gamma/delta TCR. We have further elucidated the structure of this receptor from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA and genomic clones from CII that encode functional TCR-gamma and -delta chains. We find that the CII line expresses a C gamma 2 constant region that is a polymorphic form lacking a co...

The influence of the pathway of Ag uptake and processing on MHC class II (CII)-mediated B cell function is unknown. In this study, we investigate in resting and activated (via the BCR or CD40) B cells the biological properties of CII-peptide complexes (CII-peptide) generated by either the BCR-mediated Ag processing (type I complex) or fluid phase Ag processing (type II complex). Compared with t...

Antibodies against type II collagen (anti-CII) are arthritogenic and have a crucial role in the initiation of collagen-induced arthritis. Here, we have determined the dependence of T and B cells in collagen-antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) during different phases of arthritis. Mice deficient for B and/or T cells were susceptible to the CAIA, showing that the antibodies induce arthritis even in...

We have previously reported the isolation of a hydrophobic, type-II collagen-binding glycoprotein of molecular weight 31,000 (31,000-mol-wt protein) from chick chondrocyte membranes (Mollenhauer, J., and K. von der Mark, EMBO Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ. J., 2:45-50). The function of this protein in anchoring pericellular type II collagen to the chondrocyte surface was inferred from its ability to bi...