Microwave-assisted extraction was applied to extract rutin; quercetin; genistein; kaempferol; and isorhamnetin from Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Six independent variables; namely; solvent type; particle size; extraction frequency; liquid-to-solid ratio; microwave power; and extraction time were examined. Response surface methodology using a central composite design was employed to optimize experime...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Increasing evidence has indicated a close association of host-gut flora metabolic interaction with obesity. Flos Lonicera, a traditional herbal medicine, is used widely in eastern Asia for the treatment of various disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether unfermented or fermented formulations of Flos Lonicera could exert a beneficial impact to combat obesity an...

The current study aims to investigate the effect of chitosan derivatives on the intestinal absorption and bioavailabilities of forsythoside A (FTA) and Chlorogenic acid (CHA), the major active components in Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae herb couple. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics properties of the two compounds have been characterized in vitro, in situ as well as in rats. Based on th...

After 25 years of apparently successful eutrophication management, a record-breaking mixed bloom Ceratium furcoides and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae developed unexpectedly in 2019 the large, polymictic Lake Balaton. The peak concentration chlorophyll exceeded 300 mg/m3, 1.5 times higher than pre-management maxima. external load was insufficient to provide phosphorus (P) required support this bloom,...

The recent proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) in the Baltic and other marginal seas poses a severe threat for the health of infested ecosystems as e.g. the massive export and decay of cyanobacterial biomass facilitates the spread of bottom water hypoxia. There is evidence that cyanoHABs occurred repeatedly in the Baltic Sea but knowledge of their spatiotemporal distribut...

Autotrophic organisms obtain phosphorus from the environment by secreting alkaline phosphatases that act on esters, resulting in inorganic phosphate that is then taken up. New work shows that the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum obtains inorganic phosphate by secreting the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin, which induces alkaline phosphatase in other phytoplankton species.

a HPlc method with dad detection for determination of melatonin in Lamium album flos was developed. The analysis was carried out on rP18 column using mixture of methanol and water (28:72 v/v) as a mobile phase. established calibration curve (r>0.9994), precision (rds values ranged from 0.5% to 1.5%), detection limit (0.025 μg/ml) and quantification limit (0.076 μg/ml) were found to be satisfact...

Presence of the relatively new sulfonylurea herbicide monosulfuron-ester at 0.03-300nmol/L affected the growth of two non-target nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae and Anabaena azotica) and substantially inhibited in vitro Acetolactate synthase activity, with IC50 of 3.3 and 101.3nmol/L for A. flos-aquae and A. azotica, respectively. Presenting in 30-300nmol/L, it inhibited prot...

Filamentous cyanobacteria such as AphunrzometiotiJl(~*~-aquae which are buoyant due the presence of gas vacuoles [ I ] float near the water surface ofthe Baltic Sea and form blooms where they experience optimum light conditions. However, as a result of turbulence in the water column, they may be mixed to greater depths and as a result experience a decrease in temperature from about 20°C at the ...