RATIONALE Neovascularization stimulated by local or recruited stem cells after ischemia is a key process that salvages damaged tissue and shows similarities with embryonic vascularization. Apelin receptor (Aplnr) and its endogenous ligand apelin play an important role in cardiovascular development. However, the role of apelin signaling in stem cell recruitment after ischemia is unknown. OBJEC...

BACKGROUND Adipocyte-secreted apelin contributes to decreased adiposity and to improved insulin resistance, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The present study aimed to assess if apelin-13 is an upstream signal regulation factor of aquaporin 7 (AQP7), a water-glycerol transporter present in the plasma membrane of adipocytes that plays a key role in the regulation of lipid accumulation. MATER...

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can form new vessels through differentiation into endothelial cells (ECs), thus being important in the prevention of hypoxia/ischemia. Apelin can activate different signaling pathways through its receptor, APLNR, which regulate diverse biological functions, including cardiovascular function. However, the molecular mechanism by which Apelin mediates hypoxia-in...

34 35 Apelin, an endogenous ligand for APJ receptor, has been reported to be upregulated in 36 paraventricular nucleus (PVN) following stress. Central apelin is known to stimulate release 37 of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) via APJ receptor. We tested the hypothesis that stress38 induced gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is mediated by central apelin. We also assessed the 39 effect of ex...

Apelin is a neuropeptide that co-localizes with vasopressin (AVP) in magnocellular neurons and is involved in body fluid homeostasis. Osmotic stimuli have opposite effects on the regulation of apelin and AVP secretion in animal models, but whether this is true in humans is unknown. This study investigated the relationship among osmolality, apelin, and AVP in 10 healthy men after infusion of hyp...

Abstract Introduction Apelin is a vasoactive peptide isolated as a selective endogenous ligand of orphan receptor, APJ, which was genetically identified to have closest identity to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT-1) receptor. Subsequent studies elucidated the roles of the apelin–APJ system in human physiology, including the regulation of cardiovascular function and fluid homeostasis. In spite of ...

The efficacy of therapeutic angiogenesis for revascularization in ischemia using genes, proteins, and cells has been established. For further improvement, processes allowing enlargement of the luminal cavity to facilitate efficient blood flow need to be facilitated. Recently, we found that expression of APJ and its specific ligand, apelin, is seen in endothelial cells when angiogenesis is takin...

OBJECTIVE The endogenous peptide apelin is differentially regulated in cardiovascular disease but the nature of its role in cardiac function remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the functional relevance of this peptide using ECG and respiration gated magnetic resonance imaging, conductance catheter pressure-volume hemodynamic measurements, and echocardiography in vivo. In addition, we car...

The recently discovered peptide apelin is known to be involved in the maintenance of insulin sensitivity. However, questions persist regarding its precise role in the chronic setting. Fasting glucose, insulin, and adiponectin levels were determined on mice with generalized deficiency of apelin (APKO). Additionally, insulin (ITT) and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed. To assess the im...