The energy efficiency of existing apartment buildings is playing an important role in and climate targets. In Finland, mechanical exhaust ventilation system commonly used older buildings. Hence, there could be saving potential by air heat pump (EAHP). this work two cases have been studied. Buildings were built 1960’s 1970’s renovation equipped with hybrid heating system: district system. Two ye...

Domestic Hot Water (DHW) storage tanks are identified as a main source of flexible energy use in buildings. As basis for management apartment buildings, this paper describes the aggregated DHW case building, and analyses potential flexibility by simulating different control options. The study work is an building Oslo with 56 apartments shared system. Energy measurements available consumed hot w...

A new method for accurate indirect heat accounting in apartment buildings has been recently developed by the Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM). It is based on a data driven approach aimed to smart networking of any type allocation devices, which can provide, each delivery point an building, measurements or estimations temperature difference between transfer fluid and indo...

BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the mode of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. We analyzed the temporal and spatial distributions of cases in a large community outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong and examined the correlation of these data with the three-dimensional spread of a virus-laden aerosol plume that was modeled using studies of airflow dynamics. METHOD...

This paper discusses the integration of knowledge bases and shape grammars for the generation of building models, covering interaction, system and implementation. Knowledge-based and generative systems are combined to construct a method for characterizing existing buildings, in particular, their interior layouts based on exterior features and certain other parameters such as location and real d...

Buildings account for a significant portion of a nation’s total energy consumption. To meet the global demand for greater energy efficiency, many countries are drastically strengthening insulation regulations for buildings. Thus, dramatically thicker wall insulation may be required, which can adversely affect the value of a building by reducing its effective floor area. Hence, high-performance ...

Problem statement. The current direction of the development energy policy Ukraine is transformation residential communal complex into a system that makes it possible to implement organizational and technical methods for creating energy-efficient multi-apartment buildings. advantage designing buildings high level comfort, favorable microclimate in building, reducing negative impact on environmen...

The selection Selecting the right of a thermal comfort model for establishing optimal indoor optimal hygrothermal conditions during the hot period has a major impact on energy consumption of Net Zero Energy Buildings in hot climates. The objective of this paper is to compare the influence of using different thermal comfort models for zero energy buildings in hot climates. The paper compares the...

In this study, a robust methodology for the detection of buildings from a single color aerial image is proposed. The methodology is initialized with the mean-shift segmentation algorithm. Next, a vector-valued canny edge detection algorithm which relies on the photometric quasi-invariant gradients is utilized to detect edges from the color segmented image. Morphological operations are applied t...