BACKGROUND Drug resistance is a major problem in leishmaniasis chemotherapy. RNA expression profiling using DNA microarrays is a suitable approach to study simultaneous events leading to a drug-resistance phenotype. Genomic analysis has been performed primarily with Old World Leishmania species and here we investigate molecular alterations in antimony resistance in the New World species L. amaz...

The authors of this article conduct research at The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Lars Carlsson, Ph.D., is a research scholar at IIASA where he is engaged, together with Mats-Olov Olsson, M.A. and Nils-Gustav Lundgren, Ph.D., in a sub-study on institutional aspects of the Russian forest sector within IIASA’s Forest Resources Pro...

Polycythemia vera was diagnosed in a 53-year-old woman who had erythrocytosis , thrombocytosis , and splenomegaly. The patient was treated with phlebotomies for 8 years and then with alkylating agents , and finally splenectomy was performed 14 years after diagnosis because of progressive splenomegaly and refractory thrombocytopenia. Two years later, she had atypical headache for several months,...

A newly discovered bacterium, Desulfotomaculum auripigmentum, precipitates arsenic trisulfide (As(inf2)S(inf3)). Precipitation of As(inf2)S(inf3) by this organism results from its reduction of As(V) to As(III) and S(VI) to S(-II). At the As(III) concentration range of interest (0.1 to 1 mM), the stability of As(inf2)S(inf3) is highly sensitive to pH and [S(-II)]. Thus, the relative rates at whi...

Familial colloid cyst of the third ventricle is very rare. This is one of the two largest families reported and the first in which all affected members are siblings. One asymptomatic sister was found by screening, emphasizing the value of screening. A brother and two sisters from a family consisting of three brothers and three sisters who were diagnosed as having colloid cyst of the third v...

In this research, cerium recycling was studied by Adsorbing Colloid Flotation (ACF). Ten important parameters including collector type and dosage, cerium and colloid concentrations, frother type, activator type, preparation and frothing time, air flowrate and pH, each in two levels, were investigated. Statistical design of experiment was implemented for process modelling and analysis of var...

Reactions of trimethylphosphine or diphosphines with SbCl(3) in the presence of AlCl(3) or Me(3)SiSO(3)CF(3) give ligand stabilized stibenium and stibinidenium cations. The geometry at each antimony center reveals a variety of environments for antimony that describes new bonding and highlights new directions in the chemistry of the pnictogen elements.

Leishmania drug resistance and particularly antimony resistance still continues to emerge in different part of the world. Because visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are transmitted in foci with zoonotic or anthroponotic life-cycles, the link between chemotherapeutic resistance and the selection for drug resistance, through drug consumption, cannot be as obvious for all forms of leishmaniasis....

Antimonials remain the first line drug against the protozoan parasite Leishmania but their efficacy is threatened by resistance. We carried out a RNA expression profiling analysis comparing an antimony-sensitive and -resistant (Sb2000.1) strain of Leishmania infantum using whole-genome 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays. Several genes were differentially expressed between the two strains, sever...