An aqueous solution-based doping strategy was developed for controlled doping impurity atoms into a ZnO nanowire (NW) lattice. Through this approach, antimony-doped ZnO NWs were successfully synthesized in an aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine with antimony acetate as the dopant source. By introducing glycolate ions into the solution, a soluble antimony precurso...

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells demonstrated to be feasible energy converters that convert chemical of fuels electrical energy. The technology has proven competitive with conventional such as batteries and internal combustion engines. However; several challenges influence the commercialization this which includes high costs, durability, stability, are contributed by PEM cell catalysts...

For atomic layer deposition (ALD) of doped, ternary, and quaternary materials achieved by combining multiple binary ALD processes, it is often difficult to correlate the material properties and growth characteristics with the process parameters due to a limited understanding of the underlying surface chemistry. In this work, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed du...

Tin (Sn2+)-based halide perovskites have been developed as the most promising alternatives to their toxic Pb-based counterparts in optoelectronic devices. However, facile tin vacancy formation and easy oxidization characteristics make Sn2+-based highly p-doped with excessive hole concentrations, which significantly hinder applications. Herein, we demonstrate a potent inhibitor of antimony fluor...

Flexible electronics have attracted great interest in applications for the wearable devices. Flexible solar cells can be integrated into the flexible electronics as the power source for the wearable devices. In this work, an ultrasonic spray-coating method was employed to deposit TiO2 nanoparticles on polymer substrates for the fabrication of flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Pre-synthesi...

A TiO2 film photoanode with gradient structure in nanosheet/nanoparticle concentration on the fluorine-doped tin oxide glass from substrate to surface was prepared by a screen printing method. The as-prepared dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on the gradient film electrode exhibited an enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.48%, exceeding that of a pure nanoparticle-based DSSC w...

Tin oxide films were implanted with N at various energies between 5 to 40 keV for different ion doses between 10 to 10 cm. The microstructure, optical and electrical properties of the films were investigated. From Transmission Electron Microscopy the implanted films were shown to be amorphous. The implanted thickness for the 10 keV and 40 keV were found to be 30 nm and 110 nm, respectively. The...

Tin-doped indium hydroxide (InSnOH) nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs) were grown from acidic aqueous solutions of inorganic precursors in a simple one-step electrochemically assisted deposition (EAD) process inside Au-plugged anodic aluminium oxide and polycarbonate membranes. When the membranes were used without any pre-treatment, InSnOH crystals nucleated on the both the Au-cathode and pore...

The use of tantalum as a highly effective dopant for hematite photoelectrochemistry (PEC) has shown contradictory results in previous reports. We show here through screening of different compositions by scanning electrochemical microscopy that Ta doping significantly improves the PEC performance of dropcast films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). In studies with larger electrodes, a 2% Ta-dope...