The acquisition of the variant surface glycoprotein (variable antigen) coat by metacyclic stage Trypanosoma brucei in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans, has been studied in situ by transmission and scanning electron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies raised against metacyclic variable antigen types and complexed with horseradish peroxidase or colloidal gold. The coat...

The identification and study of antigen-specific CD4 T cells, both in peripheral blood and in tissues, is key for a broad range of immunological research, including vaccine responses and infectious diseases. Detection of these cells is hampered by both their rarity and their heterogeneity, in particular with regards to cytokine secretion profiles. These factors prevent the identification of the...

Guinea pig anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) of the IgG1 class, directed to an A/J antibody to Group A streptococcal carbohydrate (A-CHO), or directed to a BALB/c myeloma protein that binds the same antigen, stimulate B-precursor cells as well as T-helper cells when injected into mice of the appropriate strain. The strain-specific induction of both precursor and helper activity was detected b...

the protective capacity of the crude extracts from larval and nymphal stages of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was examined in the new zealand white rabbits. the rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups of five animals. the rabbits in groups 1 and 2 were immunized with crude extracts of larval and nymphal antigens, respectively and group 3 was served as control. following challenge of each r...

In order to explain the heterogeneity of Ca antigen (Ca) expression observed previously on human malignant cells, a relationship of antigen content with events in the cell cycle was studied by multiparameter flow cytometry on four continuous human cell lines, HeLaS3, C4l, HT29, and T24, grown exponentially in culture. In the four cell lines studied, there was an increase in Ca expression during...

A small subset of B cells, termed B-1 cells, with developmental origins, phenotypes, and functions that are distinct from those of conventional B cells exist in mice. It contributes the vast majority of spontaneously produced "natural" IgM. Natural IgM is constitutively produced, even in the absence of microbiota, and fulfills many distinct functions in tissue homeostasis and host defense. B-1 ...

Background Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, which might increase the risk of joint dislocation. Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of treatment with Tübingen hip flexion splint for Dev...

Introduction The optimistic and naive view of the early l980s that mAbs2 were ‘ ‘ magic bullets’ ‘ has now been replaced by a more realistic understanding of the many obstacles to their effective use. Although some mAbs have produced significant antitumor responses in humans (1-6), a number of factors, including the weak cytotoxic activity of many murine mAbs. the difficulty in delivering mAbs ...

Immunohistological techniques using monoclonal antibodies were employed to study the morphology and phenotypic expression of macrophage like cells in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's colitis and histologically normal colonic mucosa. The antibody RFD1 identifies interdigitating (antigen presenting) cells whereas RFD7 binds to mature tissue macrophages. In normal colonic mucosa, the majority of cells ...

Using the monoclonal antibody W3/13, which recognizes a determinant expressed on a sialoglycoprotein, rat marrow cells with the phenotype Thy-1 antigen upper 20% positive (Ox720) and high molecular weight leukocyte common antigen negative (Ox22-) were separated into W3/13 dim (W3/13d) and W3/13 bright (W3/13b) subpopulations by single-laser cell sorting. The spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-s) w...