This paper analyses the anti-corruption activities of 24 transition countries in the period 1999-2002. These activities are divided into omnibus anti-corruption programmes, legislative reform aimed at tackling corruption, and adherence to international anti-corruption conventions. The paper presents a new measure for determining the extent of anti-corruption activity undertaken in these three c...

The inefficiencies of current spam filters against fraudulent (419) mails is not unrelated to the use by spammers of good-word attacks, topic drifts, parasitic spamming, wrong categorization and recategorization of electronic mails by e-mail clients and of course the fuzzy factors of greed and gullibility on the part of the recipients who responds to fraudulent spam mail offers. In this paper, ...

No intervention will slow, stop, or reverse the aging process in humans. Whether anti-aging medicine is, or is not, a legitimate science is completely dependent upon the definition of key terms that define the finitude of life: longevity determination, aging, and age-associated diseases. Only intervention in the latter by humans has been shown to affect life expectancy. When it becomes possible...

Despite the abundance of theoretical and empirical studies on corruption, identifying successful anti-corruption strategies remains a challenge. This paper tests the effectiveness of an anti-corruption policy that is often discussed among practitioners: an increase in competition among offi cials providing the same good or service. In particular, we investigate whether overlapping jurisdictions...

The Discovery Challenge 2006 deals with personalized spam filtering and generalization across related learning tasks. In this overview of the challenge we motivate and describe the problem setting and the evaluation measure. We give details on the construction of the data sets and discuss the results.

Spam, defined as the transmission of bulk unsolicited messages, has plagued Internet email. Unfortunately, spam is not limited to email. It can affect any system that enables user to user communications. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) defines a system for user to user multimedia communications. Therefore, it is susceptible to spam, just as email is. In this document, we analyze the probl...

At the end of the 1960s beginning of the 1970s, a wide range of technocrats were vividly preoccupied with the maximization of the economic potential of Romania’s population. For example, the debate dedicated to the study and analysis of the economically active population end of the occupied population, organized by the Central Direction of Statistics (Direcţia Centrală de Statistică) and the Ac...

For more than half a century, realist scholars of international relations have maintained that their world view is inimical to the American public. For a variety of reasons—inchoate attitudes, national history, American exceptionalism—realists assert that the U.S. government pursues realist policies in spite and not because of public opinion. Indeed, most IR scholars share this “anti-realist as...

Many of the first successful applications of statistical learning to anti-spam filtering were personalized classifiers that were trained on an individual user’s spam and ham e-mail. Proponents of personalized filters argue that statistical text learning is effective because it can identify the unique aspects of each individual’s e-mail. On the other hand, a single classifier learned for a large...

Web spamming refers to use of unethical search engine optimization practices to gain better position on Search Engine Result Page (SERP). Making judgment on web-page to declare it as spam or ham is complicated issue because different search engines have different standards. Link-based spamming, cloaking and content spamming is main focus of different anti spam techniques. Even though these anti...