BACKGROUND A growing number of studies have investigated the efficacy of novel, adjunctive pharmacotherapies for treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia with conflicting results. AIMS To investigate the comparative efficacy of these agents on cognition and symptoms in schizophrenia, and to identify promising cognitive domains and candidate medications that can be incorporated in trea...

Parkman, Henry P., Anthony P. Pagano, and James P. Ryan. Subtypes of muscarinic receptors regulating gallbladder cholinergic contractions. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G1243–G1250, 1999.—The aim of this study was to determine the functional role of muscarinic receptor subtypes regulating gallbladder cholinergic contractions. Electrical field stimulation (EFS; 16 Hz) pr...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE (AA) on cholinergic memory deficits in mice. This agent has previously been used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antidepressant in traditional Chinese medicine. Mangiferin was isolated from AA and showed a dose-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (IC(50) value, ...

BACKGROUND Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are used as a source for cell therapy in different model for neurological disorder such as stroke and spinal cord injury. However, the transdifferentiation of BMSC into cholinergic phenotype requires more investigation. METHODS BMSC were isolated from adult rats, pre-induced with beta-mercaptoethanol (BME) and followed by nerve growth factor (NGF) i...

Cholinergic modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been studied extensively by applying receptor agonists or blockers; however, the effect of rapid physiological cholinergic stimuli on plasticity is largely unknown. Here, we report that septal cholinergic input, activated either by electrical stimulation or via an optogenetic approach, induced different types of hippocampal Schaffer ...

UNLABELLED Understanding the control of sleep-wake states by the basal forebrain (BF) poses a challenge due to the intermingled presence of cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons. All three BF neuronal subtypes project to the cortex and are implicated in cortical arousal and sleep-wake control. Thus, nonspecific stimulation or inhibition studies do not reveal the roles of these diffe...

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a mechanism whereby local inflammation is modulated by the brain via the vagus nerve and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The nAChR family are ligand-gated ion channels that consist of many different subtypes formed by the specific assembly of five polypeptide subunits including alpha1-10, beta1-4, gamma, delta, and epsilon. The alpha7 rec...