methanolic and aqueous extracts of dendrophthoe falcata linn. leaves which belongs to the loranthaceae family, were evaluated through dpph (1, 1-diphenyl -2-picryl-hydrazyl), antilipid peroxidation and nitric oxide scavenging methods to assess the antioxidant activity. methanolic and aqueous extracts of dendrophthoe falcata leaves were also evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by carr...

leptadenia reticulata was reported to be used for several medicinal purposes. the present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory, analgesic and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities of l. reticulata. the anti-inflammatory assay was performed by λ-carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema test. pro inflammatory mediators (il2, il6, tnf-α) in serum of treated and control organism ...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to verify the cytotoxic activity of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) against intracellular Leishmania amastigotes and to test its efficacy as a topical treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) in Leishmania major- or Leishmania braziliensis-infected mice. METHODS Cytotoxic activity of GSNO was verified in L. major-infected THP-1 macrophages. S-nitrosa...

BACKGROUND Leishmania uses the amino acid L-arginine as a substrate for arginase, enzyme that produces urea and ornithine, last precursor of polyamine pathway. This pathway is used by the parasite to replicate and it is essential to establish the infection in the mammalian host. L-arginine is not synthesized by the parasite, so its uptake occurs through the amino acid permease 3 (AAP3). AAP3 is...

In this study we have examined certain aspects of the process of cell invasion and parasitophorous vacuole escape by metacyclic trypomastigotes and extracellular amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (G strain). Using Vero (and HeLa) cells as targets, we detected differences in the kinetics of vacuole escape by the two forms. Alcalinization of intercellular pH influenced both invasion as well a...

Tucaresol, a novel immunomodulator, was inactive against Leishmania donovani amastigotes in both peritoneal and bone marrow macrophages in vitro at concentrations between 100 and 1 microM, with toxicity to macrophages and parasites at 300 microM. However, against L. donovani in BALB/c mice at doses between 80 and 1.25 mg/kg of body weight administered once daily by the oral route during days 7 ...

Sirtuin proteins form a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that are considered potential drug targets against parasites. Here, we present the first characterization of a sirtuin orthologue from Leishmania amazonensis, an aetiological agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis that has been the subject of many studies focused in the development of therapeutic approaches. The protein ...

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania alternate between flagellated, elongated extracellular promastigotes found in insect vectors, and round-shaped amastigotes enclosed in phagolysosome-like Parasitophorous Vacuoles (PVs) of infected mammalian host cells. Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes occupy large PVs which may contain many parasites; in contrast, single amastigotes of Leishmania ma...

BACKGROUND Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of secondary metabolites from various plants. It has been shown that several EOs, or their constituents, have inhibitory activity against trypanosomatid protozoa. Thus, we analyzed the biological activity of different EOs on Trypanosoma cruzi, as well as their cytotoxicity on Vero cells. METHODS The following EOs were evaluated on T. cruzi ...

Herein, we reported the design, synthesis, antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic evaluation of a new phenoxyacetohydrazones series. All derivatives were assayed against bloodstream trypomastigote forms T. cruzi (Y strain) intracellular amastigotes using model L-929 cells infected with trypomastigotes Tulahuen strain. Compound (E)-N′-(3.4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-phenoxyacetohydrazide (11) showed activi...