Tuberculosis (TB) remains among the world’s great public health challenges. Worldwide resurgence of TB is due to two major problems: the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, which started in the mid-1980s, and the outbreak of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Thus, there is an urgent need for anti-TB drugs with improved properties such as: Enhanced activity against MDR s...

UNLABELLED Vestibular folds (VF) protect upper airways, but contain fewer immune cells in AIDS patients, which affects the structure of lymphoid follicles (LF). OBJECTIVE To characterize fibrosis and immunoglobulin production in vestibular fold lymphoid tissues of AIDS patients with or with no infection and malnutrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of 71 adult vestibular fol...

Background The development of antiretroviral therapies to combat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has resulted in a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite these therapeutic advances, problems of drug resistance, latent viral reservoirs, and drug induced toxic effects that compromise effective viral control point to ...

Azidothymidine (AZT or ZVD), a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI), is used as antiviral medication to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It is the first approved anti HIV drug for AIDS used either in combination with other antiretroviral agents or as a single drug and is also included in WHO’s national list of essentia...

Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognized as an important global health concern. While initially reported in immunocompromised such as AIDS patients, cryptosporidiosis has now been documented as a major cause of childhood diarrhea and an important factor in childhood malnutrition. Currently, nitazoxanide is the only proven anti-parasitic treatment for Cryptosporidium infections. However, it ...

tooth pulpal nerves include sympathetic and sensory nerves that originate from trigeminal ganglion .from the terminal of these sensory nerves neuropeptides are secreted that are neuromodulators and neurotransmitters. one of them is cgrp (calcitonin gene-related protein) which has a vasodilatory effect on pulpal vessels. near abscess and moderate injuries, this neuropeptide can lead to neural fi...

The incidence and spectrum of primary AIDS-defining illnesses in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients receiving antiretroviral drugs may have changed since the introduction of newer antiretroviral agents. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in the British Columbia Drug Treatment Program who were ever prescribed antiretroviral drugs between 1 January 1994 and 31 ...