Microbes are abundant in nature and often highly adapted to local conditions. While great progress has been made in understanding the ecological factors driving their distribution in complex environments, the underpinning molecular-evolutionary mechanisms are rarely dissected. Therefore, we scrutinized the coupling of environmental and molecular adaptation in Thaumarchaeota, an abundant archaea...

The experiment was carried out in two SBR reactors differing in ammonia load (reactor RI--ammonia load of 130 mg N-NH4 x d(-1), reactor R2--ammonia load of 250 mg N-NH4 x d(-1)). Feeding conditions in the reactors were switched from favoring autotrophic nitrification through favoring heterotrophic processes and back to autotrophic conditions. Observations of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) com...

BACKGROUND Although a change in tibial slope may occur during a medial opening wedge osteotomy, calculations have not been defined to address this problem. The authors investigated geometric factors important to correct axial alignment and tibial slope during osteotomy. PURPOSE To calculate, through 3-dimensional analysis of the proximal tibia, how the angle of the opening wedge along the ant...

UNLABELLED The purpose of this cadaver study about the ACL graft was to compare a "Lateral Tibial Tunnel" (LTT) and a "classic, anteroMedial Tibial Tunnel" (MTT), as to fixation strength and mode of failure. Ten pairs of fresh frozen human proximal tibias were used. In one of both tibias a classic anteromedial tunnel was used, versus a lateral tibial tunnel in the contralateral knee. Autologous...

BACKGROUND The minimally invasive Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a demanding procedure but has many advantages compared with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this observational study was to investigate the learning curve of one experienced surgeon introducing minimally invasive Oxford phase 3 UKA into his routine clinical practice. METHODS The first 50 consecutive...

BACKGROUND There are two primary surgical techniques to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), transtibial (TT) technique and anteromedial portal (AMP) technique. Currently, there is no consensus which surgical technique elicits the best clinical and functional outcomes. MRI-derived measures of the signal intensity (SI) of the ACL graft have been described as an independent predictor...

The relationship between environmental factors and functional gene diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was investigated across a transect from the freshwater portions of the Chesapeake Bay and Choptank River out into the Sargasso Sea. Oligonucleotide probes (70-bp) designed to represent the diversity of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes from Chesapeake Bay clone libraries and cultiva...

Advances in microbial ecology research are more often than not limited by the capabilities of available methodologies. Aerobic autotrophic nitrification is one of the most important and well studied microbiological processes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We have developed and validated a microbial diagnostic microarray based on the ammonia-monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene, enabling ...