Methods We used self-constructed models to simulate the aortic root. The related structures were constructed. Aortomitral angle of 120 degrees was created in the models. We performed three enlargement procedures 1. Manougian 2. Nicks 3. Nunez. Manougian and Nunez incisions were made through the commissure between the left and the Non coronary cusps (NCC) where Manougian extended through the ant...

Anterior forebrain (AF) neurons become selective for song as songbirds learn to produce a copy of a memorized tutor song. We report that development of selectivity is compromised when birds are prevented from matching their output to the tutor song. Finches with denervated vocal organs developed stable song, but it usually did not resemble the tutor song. In those birds, numerous neurons in Are...

BACKGROUND A key aspect of representations for object recognition and scene analysis in the ventral visual stream is the spatial frame of reference, be it a viewer-centered, object-centered, or scene-based coordinate system. Coordinate transforms from retinocentric space to other reference frames involve combining neural visual responses with extraretinal postural information. METHODOLOGY/PRI...

A well-developed recurrent veinlet is found in the forewing of two species of Nymphidae from the Middle Jurassic locality of Daohugou (Inner Mongolia, China), Liminympha makarkini Ren & Engel and Daonymphes bisulca gen. et sp. n. This is the first record of this trait in the clade comprised of the superfamilies Myrmeleontoidea and Chrysopoidea. We interpret the recurrent veinlet in these specie...

This paper critically reviews three main studies that have sought to show that there are structural differences between the brains of male heterosexuals and homosexuals. These studies have focused on three regions of the brain, namely, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH-3) and the anterior commissure (AC). This paper exposes a nu...

INTRODUCTION Astasia is a rare presenting symptom of stroke, usually known as 'thalamic astasia', induced by a lesion in the ventrolateral thalamus. We report a case of caudal cingulate infarction manifesting astasia. CASE PRESENTATION A 58-year-old male presented with inability to sit, stand and walk (astasia). No apparent motor weakness was noticed in the extremities. MRI revealed cerebral ...