Context: The first cervical vertebra, Atlas has different features from other vertebra. Cervical vertebra is an important part of bony anatomy craniovertebral junction. stability atlas provided by two symmetrical lateral masses that are united anterior and posterior arches. These the most bulky solid parts atlas, supportive elements composed superior inferior articular facets. spine violated va...

BACKGROUND Odontoid fractures account for approximately 20% of all fractures of the cervical spine. They represent the most common cervical spine injury for patients older than 70 years, the majority being type II fractures (65-74%), which are considered to be relatively unstable. The management of these fractures is controversial. Possible treatment options are either conservative or surgical....

BACKGROUND Conventional anterior cervical discectomy with fusion is thought to require postoperative neck immobilization for the promotion of bony fusion. Rigid internal fixation with anterior cervical plates may decrease graft-related complications and provide immediate stability. This stability may obviate postoperative external immobilization. METHODS This report reviews one surgeon's expe...

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cage-assisted fusion in three and four level cervical arthrodesis without additional anterior plating in patients with normal bMD. We hypothesized that omitting the use of long anterior cervical plate in multi-level ACDF will simplify the surgery, reduce the surgical time, avoid excessive and prolonged retraction on esophagus and caroti...

The anterior cervical spine surgery is a common procedure to stabilize vertebrae damaged by various diseases. The plates and screws are usually used in the spine fixation. This kind of instrumentation may detach from the bones which is a rare but well-known complication. A 77-year-old male presented to the otorhinolaryngology department with throat pain, choking, and dysphagia. At first the ang...

To investigate the effect of PLIF and after rigid fixation on adjacent segment and subjacent mechanical instability moreover under loading adjacent and subjacent segment mechanical behavior. Eleven fresh-frozen lamb lumbar spines (Sacrum-T12) were loaded, in axial, flexion-extension, right-left bending directions. All specimens were tested intact and after implantation with posterior pedicle sc...

BACKGROUND In anterior cervical spine surgery a retractor is obligatory to approach the spine. Previous studies showed an increase of endotracheal tube cuff pressure after placement of a retractor. It is known that high endotracheal tube cuff pressure increases the incidence of postoperative dysphagia, hoarseness, and sore throat. However, until now no evidence supports the fact whether adjusti...