Ant colony optimization algorithms (ACOs) have been basically introduced to discrete variable problems and applied to different research domains in several engineering fields. Meanwhile, abundant studies have been already involved to adapt different ant models to continuous search spaces. Assessments indicate competitive performance of ACOs on discrete or continuous domains. Therefore, as poten...

T he NSFR r egul ati on r educ es bank s ' l i qui di ty r i sks by enc our agi ng the us e of depos i t f undi ng. D epos i t money i s c r eat ed by l endi ng, but the r equi r ement r es tr i c ts pos s i bi l i ti es to gr ant l oans. T h i s c ontr adi c ti on may be des ta bi l i s i ng i f ther e i s a s ubs tanti al f or ei gn debt.

OBJECTIVES We studied the role of angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptors and kinins in the cardioprotective effect of angiotensin II type 1 antagonists (AT(1)-ant) in rats with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND The AT(1)-ant is as effective as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in treating HF, but the mechanisms whereby AT(1)-ant exert their benefits on HF in v...

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I w ould like to thank Professor Wen-mei Hwu for all of the time he has taken to advise me in both academics and research, from writing recommendation letters and suggesting coursework to helping me become involved with this project. I would also like to thank Nancy Warter for her guidance throughout my research. Finally, I w ant to thank my anc ee, Lynn Morstadt, for all o...

ant colony optimisation (aco) algorithm and adaptive refinement mechanism are used in this paper for solution of optimization problems. many of the real engineering problems are، however، of continuous nature and finding their solution by discrete ant based algorithms requires discretisation of the decision variables in which affected the convergence and performance of the algorithm. in this pa...

Ab stract Our un der stand ing of the Early Natufian pe riod pri mar ily is based on data from the west ern Lev ant, par tic u larly from Med i ter ra nean wood lands and coastal con texts. Sites here have pro duced a wealth of in for ma tion crit i cal to build ing an un der stand ing of Early Natufian com plex hunter-gath erer ad ap ta tions in clud ing their sub sis tence strat e gies. The a...

Different isoforms of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. It was assumed that ANT-1 and ANT-2 co-exist in every single mitochondrion and might be differently distributed within the membrane structures that constitute the peripheral inner membrane or the crista membrane. To discriminate between ANT originating from peripheral or from cristal inner ...

1. Bacterial endosymbionts play a fundamental role in insect ecology. Ants host large diversity of bacterial symbionts, but comparably little is known about how the loss or reduction symbionts affects ant fitness. 2. We investigated effects rifampicin, commonly used antibiotic, on colonies from several populations globally distributed tramp Cardiocondyla obscurior, which differ their endosymbio...